Disclosed is a 3-D printing apparatus. The apparatus includes an ink output module including an ink supply unit having an ink for forming an electrode portion, electrolyte or packaging portion received therein and an ink discharge unit coupled to the ink supply unit; a driving unit having the ink output module mounted thereon to move the ink output module in an X, Y, Z axis direction with respect to a substrate where a supercapacitor or secondary battery will be formed; a dispenser connected to the ink supply unit to supply gas having controlled pressure to the ink supply unit through a gas supply tube and to supply the ink within the ink supply unit through the ink discharge unit; and a controller controlling the output of the ink by transmitting a control command for fabricating the supercapacitor or the secondary battery to the dispenser and the driving unit.

A spatter protection system for an additive manufacturing machine can include a sheet configured to be disposed over a build area of the additive manufacturing machine. The sheet can include an aperture configured to allow a spatter from the build area to eject through the aperture during energy application and to land on a back side of the sheet to prevent the spatter from landing on the build area. The system can include a motive system supporting the sheet and configured to move the sheet to locate the aperture over an energy application area.

A spatter protection system for an additive manufacturing machine can include a sheet configured to be disposed over a build area of the additive manufacturing machine. The sheet can include an aperture configured to allow a spatter from the build area to eject through the aperture during energy application and to land on a back side of the sheet to prevent the spatter from landing on the build area. The system can include a motive system supporting the sheet and configured to move the sheet to locate the aperture over an energy application area.

An apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects formed of successive layerwise consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by an energy beam. The apparatus may include a determination device confirmed to determine at least one parameter of the energy beam for a specific build material, wherein the determination device comprises at least one determination base body arrangeable or arranged in a beam guiding plane, in particular a build plane; and a tempering unit confirmed to temper the determination base body. Determination devices, along with methods, are also provided for determining at least one parameter of an energy beam of an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects.

An apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects formed of successive layerwise consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by an energy beam. The apparatus may include a determination device confirmed to determine at least one parameter of the energy beam for a specific build material, wherein the determination device comprises at least one determination base body arrangeable or arranged in a beam guiding plane, in particular a build plane; and a tempering unit confirmed to temper the determination base body. Determination devices, along with methods, are also provided for determining at least one parameter of an energy beam of an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects.

A method and apparatus for the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects are disclosed. Two or more materials are extruded simultaneously as a composite, with at least one material in liquid form and at least one material in a solid continuous strand completely encased within the liquid material. A means of curing the liquid material after extrusion hardens the composite. A part is constructed using a series of extruded composite paths. The strand material within the composite contains specific chemical, mechanical, or electrical characteristics that instill the object with enhanced capabilities not possible with only one material.

A method and apparatus for the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects are disclosed. Two or more materials are extruded simultaneously as a composite, with at least one material in liquid form and at least one material in a solid continuous strand completely encased within the liquid material. A means of curing the liquid material after extrusion hardens the composite. A part is constructed using a series of extruded composite paths. The strand material within the composite contains specific chemical, mechanical, or electrical characteristics that instill the object with enhanced capabilities not possible with only one material.

Systems and methods are described herein to determine positive or negative displacement distances for each pixel of an image of a graphical element. A displacement subsystem may determine surface displacement distances based on a function of a distance of each pixel to a nearest edge pixel of the image of the graphical element. A mapping subsystem may generate a surface displacement map of the graphical element to be applied to a surface of a three-dimensional object. The surface displacement map may be used to generate a mesh file and/or transmitted to a three-dimensional printing for printing on a surface of an object.

An NC device as a numerical control device controls an additive manufacturing apparatus for producing an object by layering, on a workpiece, a material melted by being irradiated with a beam. The NC device includes: a feature quantity extracting unit that extracts, from image data, a feature quantity for determining a welding state that is a state where a molten material is added to the workpiece; and a process map creating unit that creates a process map in which a shape of the object and a layering condition are associated with each other. The layering condition is selected from among a plurality of layering conditions on the basis of a result of determination of the welding state, and includes at least one of beam intensity and a supply amount of a material.

A method for the computer-aided provision of control instructions for pulsed irradiation in the additive production of a component structure includes establishing process parameters, including a pulse frequency, a pulse width, a scan speed, and an irradiation power; defining the pulse frequency and scan speed as process constants; and determining parameter values of the pulse width and of the irradiation power from the process constants which have been defined. A corresponding computer program product, a method for bed-based additive production, and a corresponding control device are adapted for pulsed irradiation in the additive production of a component structure.