Methods and devices for controlling pressures in microenvironments between a deposition apparatus and a substrate are provided. Each microenvironment is associated with an aperture of the deposition apparatus which can allow for control of the microenvironment.

Aqueous dispersions of artificially synthesized, mussel-inspired polyopamine nanoparticles were inkjet printed on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Narrow line patterns (4 m in width) of polydopamine resulted due to evaporatively driven transport (coffee ring effect). The printed patterns were metallized via a site-selective Cu electroless plating process at a controlled temperature (30 C.) for varied bath times. The lowest electrical resistivity value of the plated Cu lines was about 6 times greater than the bulk resistivity of Cu. This process presents an industrially viable way to fabricate Cu conductive fine patterns for flexible electronics at low temperature, and low cost.

Improved undyed substrate formulations described herein have enhanced dye fixation and colorfastness due to opposite electrostatic charges between the base material and the dye. The substrate or base material is formulated to possess an electrostatic charge through the addition of one or more polar or otherwise charged ingredients. A printer device may be used to apply dye to the substrate formulations in a selected image, pattern, or color to produce a customized cosmetic having enhanced dye retention.

A method and machine for the surface decoration of a basic article comprising ceramic material and having a surface and a printing assembly applies an adhesive material digitally and selectively onto a defined area of the surface. A treatment assembly deposits a powder material digitally and selectively in the defined area, and the powder material in excess arranged on the basic article is removed.

A structure manufacturing method manufactures a structure including an expansion layer M2 by expanding the expansion layer M2 that is included in a print medium M and expands by heating. An electromagnetic wave-heat conversion material is formed on a first surface of the print medium M in density corresponding to a shape of a structure C0 to be manufactured. Here, either the material is formed in lower density than density of the material in a first part of the expansion layer M2 to be expanded to a first height H1 and density of the material in a second part of the expansion layer M2 to be expanded to a second height H2 or the material is not formed, in a boundary region A0 which is the first surface in a boundary part between the first part and the second part. The print medium M is then irradiated with electromagnetic waves.

The present invention relates to a method of bonding substrates and a substrate for displays manufactured by the same. In an embodiment, the method comprises (a) printing a first photocurable adhesive ink on the lower substrate to form a pattern; (b) photocuring the pattern to form a spacer on the lower substrate; (c) printing a second photocurable adhesive ink on the lower substrate, which includes the spacer, to form an adhesive layer; (d) irradiating the adhesive layer with light; and (e) laminating the upper substrate to the lower substrate via the adhesive layer, wherein the upper and lower substrates are transparent or opaque, and wherein the upper and lower substrates comprise the same or different materials.

A method for locally adjusting the glossiness of a printed image includes printing an image onto a recording medium in multiple swaths and locally adjusting the ink volume for each swath. A printer for printing an image onto a recording medium includes a control unit configured to perform the method.

Herein is described a method of applying foil from a foil web to a substrate. The method may comprise: ink-jet printing a UV-curable adhesive onto the substrate in a predetermined image area; subjecting the adhesive to a first curing by exposing the adhesive to UV light in a dosage range of 140-170 mJ/cm.sup.2; passing the substrate and a foil web through a nip where the foil web is pressed against the adhesive; subjecting the adhesive disposed between the substrate and the foil web to a second curing by exposing the adhesive to UV light in a dosage of at least 250 mJ/cm.sup.2; and separating excess foil from the substrate, to leave foil on the predetermined image area. Substrates and UV-curable adhesives are also described.

A method for producing an electrically conductive thin film on a substrate is disclosed. Initially, a reducible metal compound and a reducing agent are dispersed in a liquid. The dispersion is then deposited on a substrate as a thin film. The thin film along with the substrate is subsequently exposed to a pulsed electromagnetic emission to chemically react with the reducible metal compound and the reducing agent such that the thin film becomes electrically conductive.

A recording method includes a step of applying a first ink to a recording medium; and a step of recording an image on the recording medium by applying a second ink so that the second ink at least partially overlaps a region to which the first ink has been applied. The first ink is an aqueous ink containing a silver particle. The second ink is an aqueous ink containing a coloring material. The recording medium has an ink receiving layer that contains a halide ion selected from the group consisting of a bromide ion and an iodide ion. The ink receiving layer has a halide ion content (mmol/m.sup.2) of 0.1 mmol/m.sup.2 or more to 0.8 mmol/m.sup.2 or less.