A photocurable composition can comprise a polymerizable material and a photoinitiator, wherein the polymerizable material can comprise a first polymerizable monomer having a structure of Formula (1) or Formula (2):

##STR00001##

with X being C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl or oxygen (O); n being 0 or 1 Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 being

##STR00002##

with R.sub.3 or, with R.sub.3 being H or methyl, wherein Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may be the same or different and an amount of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 per benzene ring being 1, 2, or 3; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 being substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl, and an amount of each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 per benzene ring being 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

A method for printing a document includes receiving the document, the document including at least one element to be printed using a combination of a spot color and a print effect; receiving a spot color emulation definition for the spot color and the print effect, the spot color emulation definition including a spot color name, an indication of a device-independent color space, values for the spot color in the device-independent color space, and an additional ink parameter indicating at least one additional ink to produce the print effect; and printing the document using the spot color emulation definition.

An image forming method includes applying an ink for the first time to a recording medium to form an image and rolling up the recording medium in a roll form, wherein the recording medium is continuous paper, the ink includes water, an organic solvent, and a coloring material, and the image has a tackiness power of from 80 to 110 nN.

A composite fiber may include at least one reinforcing filament formed of a first material. A second material maybe systematically deposited in a printed onto the at least one reinforcing filament such that at least one of a length, a width, and a thickness of the second material varies across a surface of the at least one reinforcing filament. The printed pattern may alter one or more properties of a composite structure containing the composite fiber.

Embodiments of the invention relate to a method of indirect printing with an aqueous ink formulation applied to the surface of the intermediate transfer member. Related apparatus, systems and treatment formulations are disclosed herein.

A method of inkjet printing a colour image including a metallic or pearlescent colour includes the steps of applying on part of an ink receiver a layer containing a pearlescent or metallic pigment having a volume mean particle size of at least 3.0 μm as measured by laser diffraction; and inkjet printing on part of the layer containing the pearlescent or metallic pigment a layer with a white inkjet ink containing a white pigment having an average particle size between 250 and 400 nm as measured by differential centrifugal sedimentation.

By the use of an ultraviolet curable inkjet ink set for a line head printer comprising a lower layer ink containing a polymerizable monomer having a specific structure, and, a specific photopolymerization initiator, and an upper layer ink containing a polymerizable monomer having a specific structure and a specific photopolymerization initiator, wherein among the lower layer ink and the upper layer ink, one of the inks is a white ink and the other ink is a black ink, a good printed matter having excellent adhesion between a recording medium and the ink layer, and, between different ink layers can be obtained without generating curing wrinkles and curling over time even during high speed printing.

There is provided rare earth metal complexes of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein M is a cation, RE is a rare earth metal; X is a counter anion; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, aryl, halo, and alkoxy. Also provided is a composition of europium bis(2,2′-bipyridine-N,N′)-trinitrate with a diketonate dopant. The disclosure also provides processes for preparing the rare earth metal complexes. A mark comprising the rare earth metal complexes, and a method of applying the mark, are disclosed. The rare earth metal complexes may be used in printing systems, and for security applications.

A method of inkjet printing includes the steps of: printing a first ink onto a print medium, the first ink including a first self-dispersible pigment, the first ink having a first pigment content A; and subsequently printing a second ink onto the print medium at least partially over the first ink, the second ink including a second pigment and a polymeric dispersant encapsulating the second pigment, the second ink having a second pigment content B. The first self-dispersible pigment and the second pigment have a same color; the pigment content A of the first ink and the pigment content B of the overprinted second ink have a relationship 0.8≦A/B≦1.2; and a polymer acid value of the polymeric dispersant is in the range of 100 to 170.

Provided is an ink jet recording method having excellent ejecting stability and capable of recording a fluorescent-colored image with an excellent color developability and abrasion resistance. The ink jet recording method includes a recording step of ejecting an aqueous ink from a recording head of an ink jet system and applying the aqueous ink to a recording medium and a heating step of heating the recording medium applied with the aqueous ink at a temperature T.sub.H (° C.). The aqueous ink contains a first resin particle and a second resin particle, the first resin particle is dyed with at least one fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of a basic dye, a disperse dye and an oil-soluble dye, and contains a cyano group-containing unit, and the second resin particle does not include any coloring material therein.