There is provided a reaction liquid to be attached to a recording medium to which an ink composition is to be attached, the reaction liquid including an aggregating agent which aggregates components of the ink composition, water, and a surfactant, in which a content of the surfactant is 2% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to a total mass of the reaction liquid.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

Provided is a recording method including: a first applying step of applying anionic first processing liquid on a medium; a second applying step of applying cationic second processing liquid on the medium, causing the first processing liquid and the second processing liquid to react with each other, and generating mixed liquid, subsequently to the first applying step; and a first drying step of drying the mixed liquid subsequently to the second applying step, in which the mixed liquid is cationic.

A printing apparatus is operable to eject a plurality of inks having different functions onto any one of a plurality of types of printing medium. The plurality of inks include a first ink containing a coloring material, and a second ink containing a polymer emulsion and substantially no coloring material. The plurality of types of printing medium includes a first printing medium and a second printing medium less permeable to liquid than the first printing medium. When the first printing medium is printed, the first ink is used without using the second ink, and when the second printing medium is printed, both the first and the second ink are used.

In one example of the disclosure, a system includes a chamber having an inlet to receive a print agent, an actuator operatively connected to the chamber, and a set of nozzles fluidly coupled to the chamber. The nozzles are orientated such that each nozzle of the set has a same boundary condition.

An ink set containing an inkjet ink and a treatment liquid used in combination with the inkjet ink, wherein the inkjet ink contains a pigment, a water-soluble organic solvent, a surfactant and water, the water-soluble organic solvent contains a glycol ether-based organic solvent having a specific structure, the treatment liquid contains a coagulant, the coagulant contains calcium nitrate in an amount of 6.8 to 20.8% by mass relative to the total mass of the treatment liquid, and the amount of compounds contained in the treatment liquid that have three or more hydroxyl groups is not more than 15% by mass relative to the total mass of the treatment liquid.

The ink jet recording method according to the invention is characterized by that at least one of an ink and a surface treatment agent contains a resin that melts or softens at a fixing temperature by heat treatment; the surface treatment agent contains at least two kinds of particles different in particle size that do not melt at the fixing temperature; the particles contain first particles and second particles having a particle size larger than that of the first particles; and the second particles have a particle size falling within a range of more than 50 nm to less than 110 nm.

Coating material (237) for generating a coating layer by non-impact printing wherein the coating layer represents an image and wherein a resolution of the image is at least 100 DPI, the coating material comprising a curable resin; wherein the coating material (237) exhibits a minimum viscosity when being heated from room temperature with a heating rate of 5 Kelvin per minute up to a temperature where curing of the coating material occurs, wherein the minimum viscosity is in a range between 3 Pascal seconds to 20000 Pascal seconds, in particular in a range between 50 Pascal seconds and 10000 Pascal seconds and further in particular in a range between 250 Pascal seconds and 7000 Pascal seconds; and wherein a pill flow length is below 350 mm at a potential curing temperature which may be used to cure the coating material.

A developer comprises: at least one carrier; and, in an amount of 10 wt-% or less, a coating material (237), in particular for generating a coating layer by non-impact printing, the coating material being provided in the form of particles and comprising: a curable resin preferably an at least partially thermal curable resin and even more in particular curable by a crosslinking agent able to react with functional groups of the resin, the resin comprising in particular an amorphous resin portion; wherein an average diameter of the particles is in a range between 1 m and 25 m; and wherein the particles have an average sphericity larger than 0.7, in particular larger than 0.8, in particular a sphericity larger than 0.9; wherein, if the coating material is heated from room temperature with a heating rate of 5 K per minute, the coating material upon heating reduces its viscosity down to a minimum viscosity and increases its viscosity upon further increase of the temperature; wherein the minimum viscosity is in a range between 3 Pascal seconds and 20000 Pascal seconds.

There is provided a transfer type ink jet recording apparatus including: an image forming section forming an image by applying, onto a transfer body, a reaction liquid for increasing a viscosity of ink and ink containing an aqueous liquid medium and a coloring material; a liquid absorbing section having a porous body that absorbs at least a part of a liquid component from the formed image; a heating section heating the image treated by the porous body; a transfer section that transfers the heated image onto a recording medium; and a deterioration prevention treatment section including a deterioration preventing agent applying device that applies, onto the porous body provided in the liquid absorbing section, a deterioration preventing agent that prevents deterioration of the transfer body.