A transparent display frame includes a front plate having a planar configuration and a back plate having a planar configuration opposite the front plate, the front and back plates being parallel to and displaced from one another so as to define an interior area therebetween for receiving the media item. The display frame includes a pair of side walls and a bottom wall that are closed and defines an open top side for allowing access into or out of the interior area and through which the collectible media item is selectively inserted into the interior area. The display frame may be constructed of transparent material. A dust cover is coupled to one of the back plate or said front plate, the dust cover being movable between a covered configuration not allowing access to the interior area and an uncovered configuration allowing access to the interior area.

Disclosed is a stationery item that includes a cover and removable contents forming a refill. The refill includes: a block of stacked pages forming two main outer surfaces by a certain thickness; a binding that binds the pages of the block together at the back of the block; and a flexible covering strip that covers the binding. The covering strip includes: a back portion which outwardly covers the binding and which is provided with magnetic elements, and two side portions that are attached to both of the main surfaces of the block, respectively. The refill can be removably attached to the back of the cover which includes built-in magnetic means for attracting the magnetic elements of the refill.

A media binder has an inner assembly and a case assembly, The inner assembly includes inside boards pre-attached to a binding mechanism. Adhesive is placed on outward surfaces of the inside boards. The case assembly includes a cover sheet with at least one marginal edge attached to surface boards and at least one loose edge. To customize cover, a printed cover is inserted in-between the cover sheet and the surface board through an opening formed by the loose edge. The case assembly is then laminated. The laminated case assembly is combined with the inner assembly using the adhesive on the inside boards. A one-piece media binder has cover sheets wrapping around surface boards forming pockets. The surface boards are partially attached to paste downs. To customize cover, printed covers are inserted into the pockets, and the paste downs are then attached to the surface boards to seal loose edges.

A media binder has an inner assembly and a case assembly, The inner assembly includes inside boards pre-attached to a binding mechanism. Adhesive is placed on outward surfaces of the inside boards. The case assembly includes a cover sheet with at least one marginal edge attached to surface boards and at least one loose edge. To customize cover, a printed cover is inserted in-between the cover sheet and the surface board through an opening formed by the loose edge. The case assembly is then laminated. The laminated case assembly is combined with the inner assembly using the adhesive on the inside boards. A one-piece media binder has cover sheets wrapping around surface boards forming pockets. The surface boards are partially attached to paste downs. To customize cover, printed covers are inserted into the pockets, and the paste downs are then attached to the surface boards to seal loose edges.

A layout editing apparatus capable of editing a layout of a plurality of sheets in a layout editing area displayed on a display unit in a case where the plurality of sheets is to be book-bound after being printed includes a determination unit and a layout unit. The determination unit determines, in the layout editing area, a layout-inhibited area where a layout of an object is inhibited, at a position corresponding to a portion at which the plurality of printed sheets is to be bound, with a size according to information about bookbinding. The layout unit lays out the object so as not to overlap with the layout-inhibited area determined by the determination unit.

A photograph album (10) with a square spine comprises a cover (12) having a first sheet (17), a second sheet (18), and a central square spine (19) which connects the first sheet (17) to the second sheet, and a plurality of pages (13, 14, 15) bound reciprocally in correspondence to a first side (16a) to define a book body (11), characterized in that the last of said pages (14) is partly connected to the internal surface of said second sheet (18), having a first surface portion (21) solidly associated to the internal surface of said second sheet (18), to define the only connection between said cover (12) and said book body (11), and a second surface portion (22) free and not connected to the internal surface of said second sheet (18), said first surface portion (21) being a part of the last of said pages (14) disposed in proximity to a second side (16b) of said last page (14), opposite said first side (16a).

A photograph album (10) with a square spine comprises a cover (12) having a first sheet (17), a second sheet (18), and a central square spine (19) which connects the first sheet (17) to the second sheet, and a plurality of pages (13, 14, 15) bound reciprocally in correspondence to a first side (16a) to define a book body (11), characterized in that the last of said pages (14) is partly connected to the internal surface of said second sheet (18), having a first surface portion (21) solidly associated to the internal surface of said second sheet (18), to define the only connection between said cover (12) and said book body (11), and a second surface portion (22) free and not connected to the internal surface of said second sheet (18), said first surface portion (21) being a part of the last of said pages (14) disposed in proximity to a second side (16b) of said last page (14), opposite said first side (16a).

A medium of exchange that is not separated from the backing item of value, has variable value and authentication protections sufficient to retain the trust of consumers is formed as a laminate having a backing layer and a precious metal foil layer. The precious metal foil layer has a predetermined weight and the laminate is dividable into multiple portions each one of which is a determinable fraction of the predetermined weight. An authentication seal is formed in an obverse side of the instrument and each one of the multiple portions contains indicia on a rear side thereof identifying the determinable fraction.

A medium of exchange that is not separated from the backing item of value, has variable value and authentication protections sufficient to retain the trust of consumers is formed as a laminate having a backing layer and a precious metal foil layer. The precious metal foil layer has a predetermined weight and the laminate is dividable into multiple portions each one of which is a determinable fraction of the predetermined weight. An authentication seal is formed in an obverse side of the instrument and each one of the multiple portions contains indicia on a rear side thereof identifying the determinable fraction.

A book binding for a scrapbook with hinges separated by gussets and an anchored end and a free end that may be bent to the right or left to accommodate pages of different thickness such that the pages lie flat and the covers of the scrapbook are substantially parallel when the scrapbook is closed. The binding is constructed from sheet material scored into groups of four equally spaced panels separated by a panel forming the gusset. The four equal width panels are folded along a longitudinal center score line and adhesively secured together to form the hinges.