An apparatus for a vehicle is provided that has an axle with an axis. A spindle sleeve with a spindle sleeve inner surface axis coaxial with the axis of the axle is present, along with a spindle sleeve outer surface axis that is not coaxial with the axis of the axle. The spindle sleeve has an inner surface and an outer surface. A sleeve washer is present along with a bearing that has an inner race, an outer race, and a roller. The inner race has an inner surface and a front surface in which the front surface is located forward of the inner surface in a lateral direction. The inner race has a curved surface that extends from the front surface to the inner surface, and the sleeve washer engages the front surface. The apparatus also includes a retainer that engages the spindle sleeve and the curved surface.

A wheel bearing assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise a wheel hub, at least one inner ring, an outer ring, and one or more rolling elements. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an accommodation space may be formed inward of a vehicle-body-side end portion of the wheel hub to accommodate a constant velocity joint, and a plurality of recesses for accommodating rotating elements of the constant velocity joint are formed on an inner peripheral surface of the accommodation space to be spaced apart from each other along a circumferential direction. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first heat-treated hardened portion may be formed on the inner peripheral surface of the accommodation space, wherein the first heat-treated hardened portion may be formed to have portions with which the rotating elements of the constant velocity joint is brought into contact. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second heat-treated hardened portion may formed on an outer peripheral surface of the wheel hub, wherein the first heat-treated hardened portion and the second heat-treated hardened portion may be formed so as not to overlap each other.

A hub bearing unit includes an inner ring having inboard and outboard axial ends and a bearing inner race on an outer surface. An outer ring disposed about the inner ring has inboard and outboard axial ends and a bearing outer race on an inner surface. One ring is coupled with a wheel and rotatable about an axis and the other ring is fixedly coupled with a frame. An annular displacement limiter extends radially from one ring and has a circumferential stop surface spaced radially from a surface of the other ring. The stop surface engages with the ring surface when the ring displaces radially relative to the other ring. A seal includes an annular sealing member coupled with one ring and is sealingly engageable with the limiter or is mounted on the limiter and sealingly engageable with one ring or a rigid seal member coupled with one ring.

A hub bearing unit includes an inner ring having inboard and outboard axial ends and a bearing inner race on an outer surface. An outer ring disposed about the inner ring has inboard and outboard axial ends and a bearing outer race on an inner surface. One ring is coupled with a wheel and rotatable about an axis and the other ring is fixedly coupled with a frame. A plurality of rolling elements is rollable upon the inner and outer races. A displacement limiter extends radially from one ring and has a frustoconical stop surface spaced radially from a surface of the other ring. The limiter stop surface engages with the ring surface when the ring displaces radially and/or axially relative to the other ring to prevent brinelling impacts on the bearing races. Preferably, the displacement limiter is located axially between the rolling elements and the ring inboard ends.

A hub bearing unit includes an inner ring having inboard and outboard axial ends and a bearing inner race on an outer surface. An outer ring is disposed about the inner ring and has inboard and outboard axial ends and a bearing outer race on an inner surface. One ring is coupled with a wheel and is rotatable about an axis and the other ring is fixedly coupled with a vehicle. An annular displacement limiter extends radially outwardly from the inner ring and has a radial stop surface spaced axially from the inboard end of the outer ring. The stop surface engages with the outer ring end when one ring displaces axially relative to the other ring. Preferably, the limiter is integrally formed with an annular insert providing a bearing inner race, but may be separately formed and disposed about the insert or the inner ring outer surface.

A bearingless hub assembly comprising a rim hollowed to receive a tube magnet, and magnets embedded around the circumference of the rim on both ends. The rim is capped by front and rear rim plates configured to hold the embedded magnets in place and fitted to receive respective circular magnets. Similar magnets in corresponding front or rear drive plate maintain space (i.e., levitation) vis-à-vis the front and rear rim caps by repelling each other, thus allowing the rim (and, as applied, a mechanically-attached tire assembly) to move freely with no friction. The front and rear drive plate carry forward and reverse electromagnetic actuators as well as forward and reverse levitation control units, power generators and speed sensors. These components mount 360 degrees around the circumference of the drive plates while the embedded magnets of the rim spin through when in motion.

An improved axle may comprise three design features that, used individually or in combination, may drastically improve axle performance and decrease the likelihood of axle damage and/or deformation resulting from vehicle weight, jounce load, combined cornering load, and/or curb strike load. These three features are: dual opposed tapered roller bearings, increased shaft diameter at the bearings, and reinforced flange back face.

A producing method of a bearing unit includes: a step of measuring torque of a first bearing unit under each of a plurality of load conditions during production of the first bearing unit; a step of determining a target value of each of a plurality of production parameters based on of a load-torque relationship obtained from measurement results of the torque; and a step of producing a second bearing unit on the basis of the target value of each of the plurality of production parameters.

A system for use in providing a load on a bearing mounted to a shaft includes a preload apparatus having a first extension and a second extension engageable with an inner race of the bearing and configured to provide a compressive load to the bearing. The first extension has a first projection and the second extension has a second projection. A stop ring is configured to limit a radially inward movement of the first extension and the second extension toward each other to position the first projection and the second projection relative to the bearing.

A wheel hub permits mounting a vehicle wheel on a wheel axle. The wheel hub has a hub body and a roller bearing unit for mounting the hub body on an axle journal of the wheel axle, wherein the roller bearing unit has annular roller bearings for engaging the axle journal, each comprising an outer ring, an inner ring and a plurality of rolling elements. The wheel hub also includes at least one measurement ring arranged to be axially adjacent to at least one of the inner rings for engaging the axle journal, wherein the measurement ring includes at least one measurement setup for measuring strain and/or compression.