The present invention relates to a vehicle (100), in particular a bicycle, for performing tests for a driver assistance system. The vehicle (100) has a base body (101) and at least one strut (102), which is formed to be dimensionally stable without influence of an impact force, which is generatable upon a collision of the vehicle (100) with a collision body, and is elastically deformable upon influence of the impact force. The strut (102) is connected to the base body (101) such that upon influence of the impact force the strut (102) is non-destructively detachable from the base body (101).

The railway wheel according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of: in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%, Si: 0.45% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 0.85%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.200 to 1.500%, N: 0.0200% or less, Nb: 0.005 to 0.050%, Cr: 0 to 0.25%, and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein at least in the microstructure of the rim part and the web part, the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite defined by Formula (1) is 2.00 pieces/100 μm or less:

Amount of pro-eutectoid cementite (pieces/100 μm)=a total sum of the number of pieces of pro-eutectoid cementite which intersect with two diagonal lines in a square visual field of 200 μm×200 μm/(5.66×100 μm)×100  (1)

The disclosure is directed to a wheel having a rim that is at least partially made from several layers of fiber-reinforced plastic, and a wheel center having multiple spokes extending from a wheel hub, which constitutes an axis of rotation, to the rim in a radial direction. According to the disclosure the rim comprises a rim well extending in transversal direction between an inboard flange and an outboard flange suitable to receive a tire to be mounted thereon. The wheel includes a circumferential collar that extends from the outboard flange radially inwards towards the axis of rotation and that has an outboard collar face that constitutes an aerodynamic surface.

The present disclosure provides an integrally formed carbon fiber spoke and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes manufacturing a carbon fiber core body and a first metal part and a second metal part at two ends; winding or wrapping the carbon fiber core body and the metal parts at the two ends with carbon fiber prepregs to form a semi-finished product; and putting the wound or wrapped semi-finished product into a forming mold for heat forming. In the present disclosure, the metal parts are wound or wrapped with the carbon fiber prepregs, such that sandwich structures are formed between the metal parts and carbon fiber materials to expand a bonding force of bonding interfaces.

Presented are hybrid metal and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite wheels for vehicle wheel assemblies, methods for making/using such wheels, and motor vehicles equipped with such wheels. A wheel for a motor vehicle wheel assembly includes a wheel face with multiple spokes that are circumferentially spaced about and project radially outward from a central hub. The central hub rotatably attaches to the vehicle's body, e.g., via a corner module. The wheel face is fabricated, e.g., as a one-piece structure, from an FRP material. A wheel barrel, which circumscribes the wheel face, includes an annular rim that mounts thereon an inflatable tire. The wheel barrel is fabricated, e.g., as a one-piece structure, from a metallic material. Multiple overmold through holes and/or inset tabs are circumferentially spaced about the annular rim. The FRP material extends through and/or surrounds the overmold through holes/inset tabs and thereby mounts the wheel face to the wheel barrel.

A spoke tension adjustment tool has a longitudinally elongated body with a central longitudinal cavity configured to house an end portion of a spoke. The housing has a longitudinal slit that allows the end portion of the spoke to enter the longitudinal cavity. The longitudinally elongated body has a grip portion and a shaped end portion configured to couple with a stem of a spoke attachment element. The shaped end portion is smaller than the grip portion and smaller than the diameter of a rim spoke attachment hole in which the stem is inserted.

A manufacturing apparatus for a drive disk includes: an upper member and a lower member each including a base and protrusions. Each protrusion is defined by a plurality of surfaces including a first side surface inclined with respect to opposed surfaces of the drive disk and a second side surface parallel to the opposed surfaces. The first side surface of the protrusion of the upper member and the first side surface of the protrusion of the lower member are parallel to each other and face away from each other. The second side surface of the protrusion of the upper member and the second side surface of the protrusion of the lower member face away from each other. The first side surface of the protrusion of the upper member and the first side surface of the protrusion of the lower member come into contact with each other to form the slot.

Methods for fabricating composite wheel assemblies are described, as well as the composite wheel assemblies being fabricated. The composite wheel assemblies may include multiple formed components that are joined together at one or multiple locations within the wheel assemblies, or may be fabricated as a castable wheel. The composite wheel assemblies may be fabricated from reinforced plastic and/or a metal.

A device for protecting the tire of a wheel, includes a shield having a polymer material; a crown for mounting the protection device on a rim of the wheel, the crown being secured to the shield and including: a connection portion for securely connecting the crown to the shield; a mounting portion, forming a single piece with the connection portion, provided with a plurality of orifices for mounting the crown on the rim, the mounting portion including a plurality of lug-shaped protuberances distributed along the circumference of the mounting portion while being angularly spaced from each other, each protuberance radially protruding towards the center of the crown and comprising an orifice.

A spoked bicycle wheel having a rim at least partially comprised of a composite material. The rim has at least one spoke attachment chamber with a plurality of spoke attachment holes. The wheel has a plurality of spokes coupled with the rim and a spoke attachment element partially inserted in a respective spoke attachment hole. The wheel includes a holding element that prevents the movement of said spoke attachment element along a radially outer direction. The spoke attachment element has a holding surface configured for abutment against the holding element.