The present invention provides a rubber composition that can exhibit excellent low heat build-up, tear strength, and durability; and a rubber composition having excellent low heat build-up, tear strength, and durability, by incorporating a compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2), or a salt of the compound.

##STR00001##

In the formula (1), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be taken together to form an alkylidene group, and any two of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 may be taken together to form an alkylene group; and each of these groups may have one or more substituents.

##STR00002##

In the formula (2), R.sub.5, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 are the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom or an amino group; and R.sub.6 represents an alkyl group or an aralkyl group; and each of these groups may have one or more substituents.

A resin composition is based on a resin chosen from the group consisting of unsaturated polyester resins and vinyl ester resins, a crosslinking initiator and a crosslinking agent of general formula R.sub.1—X—R.sub.2, in which X is an optionally substituted alkylene group and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are, independently of one another, an acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl group, an alkenyl group bearing an unsaturated carbon at the chain end, or an alkynyl group bearing an unsaturated carbon at the chain end.

A tire for a civil engineering vehicle the endurance of which has been improved by the addition of an anti-creep layer (30) with a thickness E2 interposed between the airtight inner layer (20), with a thickness E1, and the reinforcer coating layer (46) of the carcass reinforcement (40), with a thickness E3. The thicknesses E1, E2 and E3, being measured in millimetres in a shoulder region forming the transition between the crown and each sidewall of the tire, satisfy the following equations: 2≤E1≤4; 6≤E2+E3 and E1/E2≥0.6. In addition, the viscoelastic loss P60 of the elastomeric mixture M2 of the anti-creep layer (30) is at most equal to 20%.

The invention relates to a rubber composition based on at least one functionalized elastomer comprising polar functional groups, a reinforcing filler and a specific polyphenolic compound.

Provided is a rubber composition for coating a metal cord that can achieve both crack resistance and low heat generation properties at a high level. The rubber composition for coating a metal cord contains a rubber component, carbon black having an adsorption specific surface area of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) of 110 m.sup.2/g to 160 m.sup.2/g, a half width ΔD50 of a peak including a Stokes equivalent diameter Dst that is the most frequent in an aggregate distribution obtained with a centrifugal sedimentation method of 60 nm or less, and a ratio of the ΔD50 to the Dst (ΔD50/Dst) of 0.95 or less, silica having a CTAB adsorption specific surface area of 200 m.sup.2/g or more, and a vulcanizing agent.

A tire comprises a rubber composition based on at least one elastomeric matrix mainly comprising a random copolymer comprising ethylene units and conjugated diene units, the mole fraction of the ethylene units in the copolymer being within a range extending from 50% to 95%; a peroxide; and a specific acrylate derivative.

The invention belongs to the field of rubber tire processing, and particularly discloses an application of a lignin in preparing a radial tire, wherein the lignin is capable of completely or partially replacing resorcinol, and meanwhile, the lignin is also capable of completely or partially replacing an anti-aging agent. Compared with the prior art, the resorcinol is replaced or partially replaced by a biomass-derived lignin or a modified lignin in the invention, so that requirements of cost reduction, environmental protection and no toxicity are satisfied. Especially, the lignin modified by demethylation according to the invention is capable of effectively enhancing various properties of rubber.

The present invention is directed to a rubber composition comprising 100 phr of one or more diene-based elastomers, 30 phr to 200 phr of a filler, and a benzoxazine which is the reaction of (i) a diphenol comprising two phenol groups and a bridge covalently connecting the two phenol groups, (ii) an aldehyde derivative, and (iii) an amine, wherein the bridge is connected to at least one of the phenol groups at a meta position of said at least one phenol group. The present invention is also directed to a rubber product comprising such a rubber composition and the use of such rubber products in tire components.

A resin-metal composite member for a tire, the member including: a metal member; an adhesive layer; and a covering resin layer in this order, wherein: the adhesive layer includes a continuous phase containing a polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer having a polar functional group, and a discontinuous phase containing a styrene-based elastomer, and a ratio of the continuous phase with respect to an entirety of the adhesive layer is from 60% by mass to 93% by mass.

A modified conjugated diene-based polymer, including a coupling polymer, wherein a ratio of the coupling polymer, obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), is 30% by mass or more and less than 70% by mass in the entire modified conjugated diene-based polymer, and a modification ratio obtained by adsorption GPC is 30% by mass or more and less than 70% by mass in the entire modified conjugated diene-based polymer, when a peak top molecular weight, obtained by the GPC, of the coupling polymer of the modified conjugated diene-based polymer is represented by Mp.sub.1 and a peak top molecular weight of a non-coupling polymer is represented by Mp.sub.2, (Mp.sub.1/Mp.sub.2)≥3.4, and a shrinking factor (g′) is less than 0.60.