An enclosure expansion type virtual engine sound system is provided. The system includes an enclosure case having a case enclosure accommodating a speaker to which a virtual engine sound is output and an enclosure back beam with an internal space divided into a speaker enclosure and a expanded enclosure as an extended space of the case enclosure for low band amplification of the engine sound and a space in which the engine sound is output in three directions. Accordingly, the enclosure back beam implements a low band amplification function in addition to a crash absorbing function. The engine sound is output in three directions through an internal space of the enclosure back beam, thereby solving a space restriction of a narrow engine room while satisfying regulations of the speaker.

A tire (10, 10) for rotation about an axis of rotation (12) has a first wall portion (14) having a partially conical form, and a second wall portion (16) integrally formed and interconnected with the first wall portion at a transition region (18) so as to define an annular recess. A closure-limiting configuration includes a number of tubular reinforcing elements (20) arrayed around the annular recess. Each tubular reinforcing element has a wall with a closed cross-section. The tubular reinforcing elements (20) are spaced around the annular recess such that deformation of a compressed region of the tire under a load causes a change in shape of the tubular reinforcing elements in the compressed region.

The presence of an electrically-powered quiet vehicle is accomplished by determining a state of mind or physical state of the driver, determining the presence and proximity of humans and other objects, how the vehicle is being operated and generating a noise correlative to the threat posed by the vehicle to humans and other objects.

A vehicle approach warning apparatus outputting a warning sound signal for outputting a warning sound, and generating the warning sound according to the warning sound signal from a speaker, and notifying a pedestrian around a vehicle that the vehicle approaches to the pedestrian is provided. The vehicle approach warning apparatus includes a memory portion, a signal generation portion, a level adjustment portion, a signal synthesizing portion, and an amplifier. The memory portion stores a first sound source data for generating a signal of a low frequency component, and a second sound source data for generating a signal of a high frequency component. The signal generation portion generates the signal of the low frequency component, and the signal of the high frequency component. The level adjustment portion adjusts a level of the signal of the low frequency component and the high frequency component.

Systems and methods implemented in algorithms, software, firmware, logic, or circuitry may be configured to process data to determine whether an object external to an autonomous vehicle is a person (e.g., such as a pedestrian) or other classification (e.g., such as a vehicle), and may be further configured to determine a position of the person relative to the autonomous vehicle. Logic may be configured to direct acoustic energy (e.g., via vehicular acoustic beam-forming) to an object external to the autonomous vehicle as an audible acoustic alert. The vehicle-related acoustic beam may be directed to a driver in another vehicle. Logic may be configured to track the motion of external objects, such as a pedestrian crossing from one side of the street to the other, and may correspondingly steer the direction of the vehicle-related acoustic beam(s) to track the person's movement.

An enclosure expansion type virtual engine sound system is provided. The system includes an enclosure case having a case enclosure accommodating a speaker to which a virtual engine sound is output and an enclosure back beam with an internal space divided into a speaker enclosure and a expanded enclosure as an extended space of the case enclosure for low band amplification of the engine sound and a space in which the engine sound is output in three directions. Accordingly, the enclosure back beam implements a low band amplification function in addition to a crash absorbing function. The engine sound is output in three directions through an internal space of the enclosure back beam, thereby solving a space restriction of a narrow engine room while satisfying regulations of the speaker.

A motor vehicle having at least one sound generating system for generating an artificial engine noise, which has at least one electrically controllable vibration exciter, wherein the vibration exciter is fastened to a component that is acoustically and/or vibrationally decoupled from a body of the motor vehicle. The component is retained on the motor vehicle by a retaining device, which covers the component at least to a large extent. By means of this measure, the acoustic properties of the sound-generating system can be significantly improved.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for monitoring a tire pressure considering a low pressure situation. Provided is a tire pressure monitoring apparatus considering a low pressure situation including: a radius analyzing unit which calculates a radius analysis value using a relative velocity difference and an average velocity calculated from wheel velocities of the wheels mounted on the vehicle; a critical value setting unit which compares the calculated radius analysis value with a predetermined determination reference value and sets different critical values in accordance with the comparison result; and a low pressure determining unit which determines a low pressure of a tire mounted on a vehicle using the set critical value.