The present disclosure relates to an electroplated bead wire having excellent oxidation resistance, of which oxidation resistance and aging adhesive strength with tire rubber are improved by forming a copper- and cobalt-plated layer by electroplating. The electroplated bead wire includes the plated layer formed through electroplating, wherein the plated layer contains 40 to 99 wt % of copper and 1 to 40 wt % of cobalt.

In accordance with the invention a wire coat rubber composition for a tire comprises from 70 phr to 100 phr of cis 1,4-polyisoprene rubber, from 0 phr to 30 phr of solution styrene butadiene rubber, from 65 phr to 95 phr pre-silanized precipitated silica, from 0.1 phr to 5 phr of a cobalt salt, up to 15 phr carbon black, up to 10 phr of a resin, and up to 10 phr oil. Further the present invention is directed to a tire comprising such a wire coat composition.

In accordance with the invention, a ply coat rubber composition for a tire ply comprises from 60 phr to 90 phr of natural rubber, from 10 phr to 40 phr of synthetic polyisoprene, from 30 phr to 80 phr of pre-silanized and precipitated silica, from 0.1 phr to 5 phr of a cobalt salt, up to 15 phr of carbon black, up to 5 phr of resin, and up to 8 phr of oil. Moreover, the invention is directed to a tire comprising such a rubber composition.

A process for synthesizing polyamide PA 6-6, including a first step of reacting, in the presence of water, a compound of R.sub.0COO—(CH.sub.2).sub.4—COOR′.sub.0 in which R.sub.0 and R′.sub.0, which may be identical or different, represent H or a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), at a temperature of less than or equal to 160° C., to form a reaction medium, and then a second step of heating the reaction medium to a temperature of greater than or equal to 200° C.; the reaction medium also including a compound of R.sub.1—COO—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—CH═CH—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—COO—R.sub.2 and/or a compound of R.sub.3—(CH.sub.2).sub.m—CH═CH—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—COO—R.sub.4.

A two-layer multi-strand cord (60) comprises an internal layer (CI) of the cord made up of J>1 internal strands (TI) and an external layer (CE) of the cord made up of L>1 external strands (TE). The cord satisfies the relationship 100≤MC≤175, where MC=(J×MI+L×ME)/(J+L); MI=200×cos.sup.4(α)×[Q×(D1/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(β)+N×(D2/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(γ)]/[Q×(D1/2).sup.2+N×(D2/2).sup.2]; and ME=200×cos.sup.4(α′)×[Q′×(D1′/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(β′)+N′×(D2′/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(γ′)]/[Q′×(D1′/2).sup.2+N′×(D2′/2).sup.2], where D1, D1′, D2, D2′ are in mm, α and α′ are the helix angle of each internal and external strand (TI), β and β′ are the helix angle of each internal thread (F1, F1′), and γ and γ′ are the helix angle of each external thread (F2, F2′).

A pneumatic tire is provided with a belt layer and a reinforcing layer provided outside the belt layer in tire radial direction. The reinforcing layer has an inner reinforcing layer in which a strip member having a plurality of cords is wound along tire circumferential direction, and an outer reinforcing layer in which the strip member having a plurality of cords is wound along the tire circumferential direction and is provided outside tire radial direction of the inner reinforcing layer. The outer reinforcing layer has a gap between adjacent strip members in tire width direction.

The present invention relates to a steel cord-rubber composite including a rubber composition and a steel cord, wherein the rubber composition is a rubber composition containing a rubber component, a filler, a thermosetting resin, a methylene donor, a thiuram-based vulcanization accelerator, and a sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerator; the content of a cobalt compound is 0.01 parts by mass or less; and the steel cord is a steel cord subjected to ternary alloy plating. The steel cord-rubber composite improves not only the adhesiveness of the steel cord-rubber composite, particularly the adhesiveness after hygrothermal aging, but also improves the crack propagation resistance and the low fuel consumption of the pneumatic tire using this steel cord-rubber composite and favorably makes the both compatible with each other.

The present disclosure provides a heavy-duty tire including: a tread part configured to come into contact with a road surface; a steel belt part including one or more steel belts formed inside the tread part; and a reinforcing belt part inserted between the one or more steel belts or between the tread part and the steel belt part, in which the reinforcing belt part is manufactured as a rolling product made by winding a steel cord in a circumferential direction of the tire.

A tire pair includes a front tire 2 and a rear tire 52. The front tire 2 includes a pair of beads 18, a carcass 10 extending on and between a first bead 18 and a second bead 18, a tread 4 located outward of the carcass 10 in a radial direction, and a band 14 located between the tread 4 and the carcass 10 in the radial direction. The carcass 10 includes a large number of carcass cords 30 aligned with each other and each tilted relative to an equator plane. The band 14 includes a band cord 34 extending substantially in a circumferential direction. A ratio (Jf/Jr) of a bending stiffness Jf of the band cord 34 of the front tire 2 to a bending stiffness Jr of a band cord 84 of the rear tire 52 is not less than 0.0 and less than 0.7.

The invention relates to a heavy-load vehicle comprising at least one axle unit, the or each axle unit having at least one wheel, each wheel having at least one tire, at least one tire being a tubeless radial tire. The tubeless radial tire has an outer diameter of less than 755 millimeters (mm), and is adapted and configured for an internal pressure of at least 10 bar. In some instances, when used as a single tire, the tubeless radial tire has a load-bearing capacity per millimeter section width at a speed of 60 kilometers per hour (km/h) of at least 11 kilograms (kg).