A steel filament for twisting into a steel cord for the reinforcement of rubber articles, which contains a steel substrate that is coated with a coating comprising brass. The coating is different in that the amount of iron at the surface is distinctively higher than that prior steel filaments. The coating has an average iron content of 4 or more atomic percent compared to the total of iron, zinc and copper atoms in the layer extending from the surface to a depth of 3 nanometer below the surface. The steel filaments show an improved adhesion retention under hot and humid conditions and in organic cobalt compound containing rubbers as well as rubbers that are substantially free of cobalt. The lifetime of the rubber article is extended.

A metallic or metallized reinforcer has at least a surface of which is at least partially metallic, the at least partially metallic surface being coated with a polybenzoxazine sulfide whose repeating units include at least one unit corresponding to formula (I) or (II): ##STR00001##
in which the two oxazine rings are connected together via a central aromatic group, the benzene ring of which bears one, two, three or four groups of formula —S.sub.x—R in which “x” is an integer from 1 to 8 and R represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group including 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom chosen from O, S, N and P. Such a reinforcement can be used for the reinforcement of a rubber article, in particular a motor vehicle tire.

The tire comprises a crown, two sidewalls and two beads, each sidewall connecting each bead to the crown, a carcass reinforcement that is anchored in each bead and extends in each sidewall and radially on the inside of the crown, each bead comprising at least one continuous filamentary reinforcing element (40) comprising N≥2 circumferential turns which are radially superposed on one another. The continuous filamentary reinforcing element (40) comprises a radially outer free end (E1) and a radially inner free end (E2). At least one of the radially outer free end (E1) and the radially inner free end (E2) is threaded between two portions (50, 52) arranged radially on the outside and on the inside of the free end (E1, E2) in question.

A tire 2 has a nominal aspect ratio of 65% or less. The tire 2 includes a tread 4, a pair of sidewalls 6, a pair of chafers 8, a pair of beads 10, and a band 40. The band 40 includes a full band 44 having ends 44e opposed to each other across an equator plane, and a pair of edge bands 46 located outward of the ends 44e of the full band 44 in a radial direction. An outer surface of each chafer 8 has a fitting recess 62 into which a flange F of a rim R fits.

Provided is a heavy-duty pneumatic tire in which not only occurrence of a damage of CBU but also occurrence of pulling-out of a carcass ply can be inhibited, and which has excellent durability. In the tire, beads each include a cover enclosing at least a part of a core. The cover is located, between the core and the carcass ply, in a portion at which the carcass ply encloses the core. The cover is composed of one cover ply including a large number of aligned cover cords and a cover topping rubber covering the cover cords. A ratio of a distance between the cover cords to an outer diameter of a carcass cord is not lower than 0.35 and not higher than 0.85. A difference between a hardness of the cover topping rubber and a hardness of a carcass topping rubber is not less than −5 and not greater than 5.

A multi-strand cord (50) comprises an internal layer (CI) made up of K=1 internal strand (TI) having two layers (C1, C3), with the internal layer (C1) being made up of Q internal metallic threads (F1) and the external layer (C3) being made up of N external metallic threads (F3), and an external layer (CE) made up of L>1 external strands (TE) having two layers (C1′, C3′) wound around the internal layer (CI), with the internal layer (C1′) being made up of Q′ internal metallic threads (F1′) and the external layer (C3′) being made up of N′ external metallic threads (F3′). The cord (50) has an energy-to-break per unit area ES≥145 N.Math.mm.sup.−1 with ES=Σ.sub.i=1.sup.NcF.sub.mi×Σ.sub.i=1.sup.NcA.sub.ti/Nc×Cfrag/D where Σ.sub.i=1.sup.NcF.sub.mi is the sum of the forces at break, Σ.sub.i=1.sup.NcA.sub.ti is the sum of the total elongation, Cfrag is the coefficient of weakening, and D is the diameter.

A cord (50) comprises: an internal strand (TI) comprising an internal layer (C1), and an external layer (C3); and L>1 external strands (TE) comprising an internal layer (C1′) of Q′=1 internal wire (F1′), an intermediate layer (C2′) of M′ intermediate wires (F2′) wound around the internal layer (C1′) with a pitch p2′, and an external layer (C3′) of N′ external wires (F3′) wound around the intermediate layer (C2′) with a pitch p3′. The external layer (CE) of the cord is wound around the internal layer (CI) of the cord in a direction of winding of the cord (50). Each external layer (C3, C3′) of each internal and external strand (TI, TE) is wound in the same direction of winding that is the opposite to the direction of winding of the cord (50). The external layer (CE) of the cord (50) is desaturated, and 0.36≤(p3′−p2′)/p3′≤0.57.

A motorcycle tyre includes a tread portion, a pair of bead portions, a toroidal carcass extending between the pair of bead portions, and a band layer disposed outward in a tyre radial direction of the carcass and inside the tread portion. The band layer includes a band ply having one or more steel cords spirally wound in a tyre circumferential direction. The tyre has a parameter (A) in which a load index LI (kg) of the tyre is divided by a bending/compression stiffness ratio that is obtained by dividing a bending stiffness (g.Math.cm) of the steel cords by a compression stiffness (N/mm) of the steel cords being in a range of 1500 to 6000.

The method enables the production of a final assembly (A) comprising two layers and comprises a step (100) of providing a temporary assembly (AT) comprising a temporary core (NT), a step (124) of separating the temporary assembly (AT) into a first divided assembly (AFI), a second divided assembly (AF2), a third divided assembly (AF3) and the temporary core (NT). The method comprises a step (135) of reassembling the first divided assembly (AFI), the second divided assembly (AF2) and the third divided assembly (AF3) to form the final assembly (A).

In a tire, an inclination angle of a cord included in a second belt layer with respect to a tire width direction is defined as a positive inclination angle in a tire see-through plan view, an intersection point between a perpendicular line drawn from an end portion of a belt layer having a maximum belt width in the tire width direction to a carcass and a cord of an outermost carcass layer in a tire radial direction is defined as a first reference point in a tire meridian cross-sectional view, and an inclination angle of the cord with respect to the tire width direction at the first reference point is −3° or more in the tire see-through plan view.