Provided are: a tire steel cord having not only excellent cutting resistance and corrosion resistance but also excellent processability in plant; and a pneumatic tire including the same. The tire steel cord has a layer-twisted structure including: a core 11 composed of two core filaments 1; and a sheath 12 composed of eight sheath filaments 2 that are twisted together around the core 11, in which tire steel cord the two core filaments 1 constituting the core 11 are twisted together, the twisting direction of the core filaments 1 and that of the sheath filaments 2 are different, and a diameter (Dc) of the core filaments 1 and a diameter (Ds) of the sheath filaments 2 satisfy a relationship represented by the following Equation (1):
0.90≤Ds/Dc≤1.10  (1).

A tire (1) for a heavy construction plant vehicle with satisfactory compromise between the breaking strength of its circumferential hoop reinforcement (7), having an axial width LF and having a circumferential hooping layer (71, 72) with elastic metallic reinforcers having a structural elongation AS and a force at break FR, and forming an angle at most equal to 5° with the circumferential direction (XX), and the endurance of its working reinforcement (6), formed by two working layers (61, 62) with inextensible metallic reinforcers, the mean angle AM of which with the circumferential direction (XX′) is at least equal to 15° and at most equal to 45°. The axial width LF, the structural elongation As, the force at break Fr and the mean angle AM satisfy the relationship:

Zn/Z0*(T0+(a1+a2*As)/AM+b*LF*(AM−A0)/A0+c*AM)<Fr/CS, where Zn is the nominal load, Z0=100 t, T0=7000 N, a1=−230,000 N*°, a2=−160,000 N*°/%, b=−34,000 N/m, A0=29°, c=550 N/°, CS>=1.

A tire for a heavy-duty vehicle of construction plant type comprises a crown reinforcement (35) radially on the inside of a tread (10) and radially on the outside of a carcass reinforcement (50). The crown reinforcement (35) comprises: at least one “low-modulus” layer (20) formed of elastic metal reinforcers having a structural elongation at least equal to 0.4%, and a total elongation at break at least equal to 3%, and a tensile elastic modulus of between 40 GPa and 130 GPa; at least one “rigid” layer (30) formed of rigid metal reinforcers, the structural elongation of which is less than or equal to 0.2% and the tensile elastic modulus of which is between 140 GPa and 200 GPa. The ratio of the breaking tension of the rigid layer to that of the low-modulus layer is greater than or equal to 1.2.

The invention relates to a metallic reinforcing cord (10) for tyres for vehicle wheels, comprising: —a) a plurality of metallic wires (11) twisted to one another with a single twisting pitch (P), or—b) a single metallic wire twisted with at least one second metallic wire with a single twisting pitch, or—c) a plurality of first metallic wires twisted to one another with a first twisting pitch to define a first strand of metallic wires and at least one second metallic wire twisted with said first strand of metallic wires with a second twisting pitch equal to or different from the first twisting pitch. The metallic reinforcing cord (10) has a part load elongation greater than or equal to 1%.

Provided is a steel cord for rubber article reinforcement, which has both the tensile strength in the cord axial direction and the strength in the shear direction at higher levels. A steel cord (10) for rubber article reinforcement includes: a single core strand (11) having a layer-twisted structure; and plural sheath strands (12) each having a layer-twisted structure, and the sheath strands (12) are twisted around the core strand (11). In the sheath strands (12), a ratio between the diameter of a core filament (12a) and the diameter of a sheath filament (12b) is 0.75 to 0.85, and a ratio between the strength of the core filament (12a) and the strength of the sheath filament (12b) is 0.55 to 0.7.

A cord for reinforcing elastomers excellent in adhesion to elastomers such as rubber is provided. The cord is a cord for reinforcing elastomers (10) that includes metallic filaments (1) and a resin filament (2) twisted together, the resin filament (2) being made from a polymeric material having a melting point or softening point of 80 to 160° C. The cord for reinforcing elastomers includes a core and at least one sheath layer, wherein, after vulcanization, a distance w between metallic filaments (1b) forming an outermost sheath layer is 100 μm or less, and, on a cross section of the cord taken along a direction orthogonal to an axial direction, a filling ratio, which is a ratio of an area of a polymeric material (3) derived from the resin filament (2) to a gap region is 52 to 120%, where the gap region is defined as a portion occupied by a material other than the metallic filaments (1) within a region formed by connecting the centers of the individual metallic filaments (1b) constituting the outermost sheath layer.

A rubber composition is based on at least one elastomer and at least one phenolic compound, the aromatic nucleus of said phenolic compound being substituted with at least one substituent comprising an oxygen atom, the molar mass of said phenolic compound being at most equal to 1000 g/mol, and said composition being free of molecular sulfur or comprising less than 1 phr thereof.

A ply (16, 18) comprises metallic monofilaments (46′, 46″). Each monofilament (46′) of a first group has a positive torsional elastic deformation in a first direction about its main axis (G). Each monofilament (46″) of a second group has a negative torsional elastic deformation in a second direction about its main axis (G). The absolute value of the torsional elastic deformation C of each monofilament (46′, 46″) is such that |C|≤6 turns per ten metres. The mean S of the torsional elastic deformations of the monofilaments (46′, 46″) of the ply (16, 18) is such that −0.25 turn per ten metres≤S≤+0.25 turn per ten metres. The monofilaments (46′, 46″) are arranged next to one another so as to alternate one or more monofilaments (46′) of the first group with one or more monofilaments (46″) of the second group.

Shape memory alloy elements (“SMAs”) are bonded, encased, or encapsulated with one or more polymers to form an integrated component with unique elastic, pseudoelastic, and load-bearing properties.

A non-pneumatic tire includes a shear band having a first membrane layer located radially inward of the outer annular tread, a second membrane layer located radially outward of the first membrane layer, wherein the first and second membrane layer are formed of a plurality of parallel reinforcement cords arranged at an angle of 10 degrees or less with respect to the tire equatorial plane, said outer annular tread further comprises a first angled belt located radially outward of the second membrane layer, and a second angled belt located radially outward of the first angled belt, wherein the first and second angled belt each have parallel reinforcement cords having a belt angle in the range of 15-30 degrees with respect to the tire equatorial plane, and wherein the angle of the second angled belt has an angle equal and opposite direction of the belt angle of the first angled belt.