A computer implemented method is proposed for classifying one or more embossed and/or engraved markings on a sidewall of a tyre into one or more classes comprising digital image data of the sidewall of the tyre. The method comprises generating a first image channel from a first portion of the digital image data relating to a corresponding first portion of the sidewall of the tyre. Generating the first image channel comprises performing histogram equalisation on the first portion of the digital image data to generate the first image channel. The method further comprises generating a first feature map using the first image channel and applying a first classifier to the first feature map to classify said embossed and/or engraved markings into one or more first classes.

A tire tread (1) having a tread pattern depth Hm, with at least two longitudinally oriented grooves (31, 41, 42), at least one of them being a complex groove (31), that in the new state, is alternately external cavities (311) that open onto the tread surface and internal cavities (312) that are hidden within the thickness of the tread. The external cavities (311) have a mean longitudinal length Lm, a depth at least equal to 0.9 Hm, and are separated by internal cavities having a mean longitudinal length Li, Li being at least equal to 0.5*Lm and at most equal to 2*Lm. At least one rib (21) in the longitudinal direction and delimited by a complex groove with transverse sipes (5) made at a mean spacing Pm. The spacing Pm of the transverse sipes is at most equal to the mean longitudinal length Lm of the external cavities (311).

Provided is a pressure sensitive adhesive sheet for tires that enables continuous and efficient labeling on tires using a labeling apparatus. The pressure sensitive adhesive sheet includes a release material (C), a first pressure sensitive adhesive layer (B1), a first substrate (A1), a second pressure sensitive adhesive layer (B2), and a second substrate (A2), in this order, and satisfies Requirement (1): in a planar view of the pressure sensitive adhesive sheet for tires, the outline of the first pressure sensitive adhesive layer (B1) exists inside the outline of the second substrate (A2), and Requirement (2): the shortest distance (X) between the outline of the second substrate (A2) and the outline of the second pressure sensitive adhesive layer (B2) is 0.35 mm or more.

Provided is a tire capable of maintaining excellent appearance over a long time. A tire comprises a polyurethane foam layer laminated on an outer layer of the tire, wherein, in the polyurethane foam layer, a binder layer is provided on a surface of a polyurethane foam.

First direction ridge patterns and second direction ridge patterns are lined-up alternately at a decorative concave portion 18. Plural main ridges 22A through 22D and sub-ridges 26A through 26D, which project-out from a bottom surface 18A, are formed at a first direction ridge pattern 20. The respective ridges are disposed in parallel such that ridge extending directions are a same direction. Light reflection patterns are different at a main ridge region 24, 34 and a sub-ridge region 28, 38.

Main ridges of a first direction ridge pattern 50 and a second direction ridge pattern 60 that are adjacent to one another are connected together. Due thereto, the main ridges are connected as one ridge from one end to another end of a decorative concave portion 48, and a continuous main ridge 51 is formed.

Provided is a pneumatic tire including, on an outer surface of its sidewall portion, a decorative portion including a print layer and a protective layer located on a tire outer side of the print layer. The decorative portion further includes an intermediate layer located between the print layer and the protective layer. When a storage modulus of the print layer, a storage modulus of the protective layer, and a storage modulus of the intermediate layer are respectively defined as E1′, E2′, and E3′, the following relational expression is satisfied: E2′>E3′>E1′.

A pneumatic tire includes, on a surface of a side rubber provided on sidewall portions, a two-dimensional code in which a dot pattern is formed by two types of gray scale elements distinguishable from each other by irregularities on the surface. Dot holes are formed in the two-dimensional code, corresponding to dark elements of the gray scale elements. The side rubber is a diene rubber including butadiene rubber, and when A is a blended amount of the butadiene rubber relative to 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber contained in the side rubber and when B is a blended amount of carbon, a ratio A/B and a hole depth D (mm) from an opening of the dot hole to a hole bottom satisfies a relationship of 1.1≤(A/B)/D≤6.0.

Provided is a pneumatic tire including, on an outer surface of its sidewall portion, a decorative portion including a print layer and inner and outer layers respectively disposed on tire inner and outer sides of the print layer. When storage moduli at 25° C. of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as E1.sub.25′, E2.sub.25′, and E3.sub.25′, E1.sub.25′<E2.sub.25′ and E1.sub.25′<E3.sub.25′ are satisfied. When storage moduli at 80° C. of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as E1.sub.80′, E2.sub.80′, and E3.sub.80′, and storage modulus variations α1, α2, and α3 at high temperature of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as α1=|E1.sub.25′−E1.sub.80′|/E1.sub.25′, α2=|E2.sub.25′−E2.sub.80′|/E2.sub.25′, and α3=|E3.sub.25′−E3.sub.80′|/E3.sub.25′, α1<α2 and α1<α3, and E2.sub.25′>E2.sub.80′ and E3.sub.25′>E3.sub.80′ are satisfied.

An apparatus to mark a surface of an object includes a conveyor assembly having spaced apart conveyor belts with a conveyor opening therebetween. The conveyor assembly has an entry side and an exit side that supports the object. A marking assembly moves between a retracted position away from the conveyor belts, which allows movement of the object from the entry side to the exit side, and an operate position proximal the surface to be marked. At least one marker is carried by the marking assembly which marks a surface of the object when the marking assembly is in the operate position.