In a first aspect of the invention, a pneumatic tire is provided, the tire comprising two spaced apart bead portions, a tread portion, a pair of sidewalls extending radially inward from axially outer edges of the tread portion to join the respective bead portions, the axially outer edges of the tread portion defining a tread width, a carcass, an innerliner covering the carcass and defining a tire cavity, and a metal coated foam material attached to the innerliner within the tire cavity.

Provided is a tire in which low rolling resistance is improved by using reinforcing cords containing polyamide multifilaments as reinforcing cords of a reinforcing member of the tire. In a tire (10) that includes at least one belt reinforcing layer (3) covering the full width of a belt (2), the belt reinforcing layer (3) includes, as a constituent, a rubber-cord composite that is formed of a rubber and reinforcing cords containing multifilaments of a semi-aromatic polyamide composed of a polycondensate of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid-containing dicarboxylic acid and a non-aromatic diamine, or a polycondensate of a non-aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an aromatic diamine-containing diamine acid; and, when the width of a maximum-width belt layer constituting the belt (2) is defined as W, a region of at least more than 0.35 W from a tire equatorial plane is a sparse region in terms of the end count of the reinforcing cords in the belt reinforcing layer (3), while regions on the tire width-direction outer side of the sparse region are dense regions.

The introduction of graphene as an additive in rubber compounds is disclosed. The product shows increased barrier protection for tire innerliners, with no tradeoffs in other characteristics.

Provided is a pneumatic tire including: a plurality of main grooves each having a zigzag shape and extending in a tire circumferential direction; and a land portion defined by the main grooves adjacent to each other and having a rib structure that is continuous with the tire circumferential direction. The land portion includes first and second lug grooves having a semi-closed structure. A maximum length L21 of the first lug groove in a tire width direction has the relationship 1.30≤L21/L22≤2.30 with respect to a maximum length L22 of the second lug groove.

A tire for a vehicle includes a tire body having a circumferentially extending tread portion with an outer surface and an inner surface. First and second sidewalls are joined to the tread portion, and the first and second sidewalls terminate in first and second edges, respectively, and are configured to be secured within a flange of a rim of a wheel. In addition, the tire includes a tire insert comprising a circumferential hoop of resilient material and positioned adjacent to the inner surface of the tread portion. The tire insert may have an arcuate cross section and a width that extends across from the first sidewall to the second sidewall. The resilient material of the tire insert may comprise spring steel of a steel alloy and be in a state of compression.

A tire has a tread portion that can include a first tread ground contact end on one side in a tire axial direction, a first shoulder circumferential groove closest to the first tread ground contact end, and a first shoulder land portion demarcated to be disposed outwardly of the first shoulder circumferential groove in the tire axial direction. A plurality of first shoulder grove portions extending from the first shoulder circumferential groove to the first tread ground contact end e1 can be in the first shoulder land portion. A pair of first shoulder groove portions adjacent to each other in a tire circumferential direction can have different angles relative to the tire axial direction. The plurality of first shoulder groove portions can include a plurality of kinds of first shoulder groove portions having different first pitch lengths at a connecting portion to the first shoulder circumferential groove. A maximum value of the first pitch length can be 1.2 to 1.5 times an average of the first pitch lengths.

A rubber compound suitable for passenger tires may comprise: 40 to 70 parts by weight per hundred parts by weight rubber (phr) of a long chain branched cyclopentene ring-opening rubber (LCB-CPR) having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −120° C. to −80° C., a g′.sub.vis of 0.50 to 0.91, and a ratio of cis to trans of 40:60 to 5:95, 30 phr to 60 phr of a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), wherein the SBR has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −60° C. to −5° C., 50 phr to 110 phr of a reinforcing filler, and 20 phr to 50 phr of a process oil.

A pneumatic tire includes a tread; sidewalls; and beads. The tread includes main grooves, including a center main groove extending in a tire circumferential direction and a pair of shoulder main grooves extending in the tire circumferential direction, and land portions defined between the main grooves. At least one of the land portions includes lug grooves extending from at least one of the main grooves defining the at least one of the land portions and terminating within the at least one of the land portions. At least one of the lug grooves includes a raised bottom portion that is shallower than a groove bottom at a portion on an opening end side and a communicating portion that extends in a longitudinal direction of the at least one of the lug grooves following the raised bottom portion and is deeper than the raised bottom portion.

A tire 2 includes a tread 4, a pair of sidewalls 6, a pair of beads 10, a carcass 12, a belt 14, an inner liner 20, and a pair of insertion layers 22 disposed between the carcass 12 and the inner liner 20. Each insertion layer 22 is disposed between an end of the belt 14 and an end PB of the bead 10. Each insertion layer 22 has a volume resistivity of less than 10.sup.8 Ω.Math.cm. A complex elastic modulus of the insertion layer 22 is equivalent to or higher than a complex elastic modulus of the inner liner 20. A thickness of each sidewall 6 at a maximum width position PW is not greater than 5.0 mm.

A tire physical information estimation system includes a physical information estimation unit and a data acquisition unit. The physical information estimation unit that includes a learning type arithmetic operation model including an input layer through an output layer and estimates tire physical information produced in association with movement of a tire. The data acquisition unit acquires input data input to the input layer. The arithmetic operation model includes a feature extraction unit that performs a convolution operation in an operation halfway between the input layer and the output layer, the arithmetic operation model outputting normalized tire physical information in at least two axial directions from the output layer.