A modular suspension buffer for a vehicle having customizable hardness and height to provide various combinations of initial contact softness and non-linearly increasing resistance during compression so as to improve driving stability, loading capacity, off road performance, and/or ride comfort while extending the operational lifespan of the vehicle suspension system. Specifically, a universal modular coil spring buffer having a plurality of modules arranged in different configurations adaptable to be inserted in the gap of a coil spring of a vehicle to prevent shocks. The different configurations of a primary module and a plurality of secondary modules can be employed for different vehicles with different coil spring dimensions and based on the distance between the adjacent coils. The buffer lessens the compression to the coil spring thereby minimizing oil leaks caused from the shocks.

A spacer for connecting a suspension component to a frame of a bicycle includes a spacer body and a flexible portion disposed at one end of the spacer body and configured to exert an axial bias force under compression. The spacer body and the flexible portion form a unitary part.

A spacer for connecting a suspension component to a frame of a bicycle includes a spacer body and a flexible portion disposed at one end of the spacer body and configured to exert an axial bias force under compression. The spacer body and the flexible portion form a unitary part.

A bushing for a trailing arm may include an inner rod having a plate shape, a body in which a central portion of the inner rod is disposed, a reinforcing material disposed to surround an outer surface of the body, a first elastic member in which the reinforcing material is disposed, a second elastic member disposed around the first elastic member, and an outer steel member disposed to surround the first elastic member and the second elastic member. The reinforcing material may be disposed between the outer surface of the body and an inner surface of the first elastic member.

A bushing for a trailing arm may include an inner rod having a plate shape, a body in which a central portion of the inner rod is disposed, a reinforcing material disposed to surround an outer surface of the body, a first elastic member in which the reinforcing material is disposed, a second elastic member disposed around the first elastic member, and an outer steel member disposed to surround the first elastic member and the second elastic member. The reinforcing material may be disposed between the outer surface of the body and an inner surface of the first elastic member.

A center pivot suspension system according to various aspects of the present technology may include a multi-piece axle having controls arms that are pivotally connected to a center beam section of the axle. Each control arm may be able to pivot about the center section independently from the opposing control arm. A leaf spring may be coupled to each control arm to help absorb loads applied to a given control arm.

A vehicle suspension for supporting the body or chassis of a vehicle includes suspension arms positioned at opposite sides and at one end of a vehicle and two suspension arms positioned respectively at opposite sides and at one end of a vehicle, each arm mounted for pivotal movement about a respective hinge axis. A balancing hub is attached to the vehicle body or chassis with at least one part of the hub free to rotate relative to the vehicle body or chassis about at least one pivotal position. Each suspension arm is connected to the hub at a position of the suspension arm spaced from a respective hinge axis whereby pivotal movement of the suspension arm applies a force to the hub. In use, the force opposes the force from another suspension arm at at least one of the same side and the same end of the vehicle suspension.

The invention describes a vehicle (100) having three or more tilting wheels comprising a main frame (2) provided with a suspension group (3) for at least two wheels (25). The suspension group (3) is joined to the main frame (2) through a hinge (8) that allows the free rotation of the main frame (2) with respect to the suspension group (3) along the axis of the hinge (8). The suspension group (3) comprises a pivoting arm (6) for each wheel (25). Each pivoting arm (6) is constrained to the suspension group (3) through the interposition of one or more elastic elements (9) consisting of elastomers. The elastic elements (9) operate as suspension or damping means, or with both of the associated functions. Each elastic element (9) is compressed and works under pressure inside a cavity obtained between one or more pins (7) having a closed polygonal section, operatively associated with the hinge (8), and one or more channels (32) having a closed polygonal section, obtained in the suspension group (3). The closed polygonal section of each channel (32) has a compatible shape and has a larger surface with respect to the closed polygonal section of each pin (7) that rotates inside such a channel (32) having a closed polygonal section.

A motor vehicle having: running gear having a chassis and wheel suspensions, which include longitudinal and transverse links for attaching wheels to the chassis; a body having an underfloor and/or an underfloor paneling, the underfloor and/or the underfloor paneling exposing the links; paneling for the links having a recess for air to cool a brake; and a flow guide upstream of a respective paneling. The flow guide is connected to the underfloor or to underfloor paneling and which, together with the respective paneling, divides up the air flow into: a first air flow, which can be fed, upstream of the recess, via a first flow channel of the respective paneling to a first region of the brake, and into a second air flow, which can be fed via the recess of the respective paneling and a second flow channel of the respective paneling to a second region of the brake.

A motor vehicle having: running gear having a chassis and wheel suspensions, which include longitudinal and transverse links for attaching wheels to the chassis; a body having an underfloor and/or an underfloor paneling, the underfloor and/or the underfloor paneling exposing the links; paneling for the links having a recess for air to cool a brake; and a flow guide upstream of a respective paneling. The flow guide is connected to the underfloor or to underfloor paneling and which, together with the respective paneling, divides up the air flow into: a first air flow, which can be fed, upstream of the recess, via a first flow channel of the respective paneling to a first region of the brake, and into a second air flow, which can be fed via the recess of the respective paneling and a second flow channel of the respective paneling to a second region of the brake.