Please replace the abstract with the following amended abstract: A knuckle assembly for use with a wheel suspension system of a vehicle having a vehicle longitudinal axis, a frame extending therealong, the suspension system comprising upper and lower suspension arms, each having a frame engaging end at which the arm is configured to be pivotally connected to the frame about a proximal suspension axis, and a knuckle engaging end at which the arm is configured to be pivotally connected to the knuckle assembly about a distal suspension axis parallel to the proximal suspension axis.

A brake controlling operation transmission member includes a leaning-associated deforming portion that deforms in response to turning of a body frame. A vehicle includes at least a portion of the leaning-associated deforming portion located between a first restrictor located below a lower cross portion in relation to an up-and-down direction of the body frame and a central portion in a left-and-right direction of the body frame so as to prevent movement of the brake controlling operation transmission member and a brake device.

A method of operating a tilting running gear for a non-rail-borne vehicle having at least one actuator is disclosed. The method includes calculating an angle of tilt of the vehicle around an axis of rotation based on prevailing values of centrifugal acceleration and gravitational acceleration as the vehicle enters a curve. Based on a comparison between an actual lateral acceleration of the vehicle and a desired lateral acceleration of the vehicle, the vehicle is accelerated or decelerated to achieve the calculated angle of tilt. When the calculated angle of tilt has been achieved, the actuator is deactivated. The actuator provides acceleration of the vehicle and a braking device provides deceleration of the vehicle.

A rolling type vehicle includes a pair of left and right front wheels and has a vehicle body capable of rolling. The rolling type vehicle includes a pair of left and right arm members supported in a swingable manner by the vehicle body on inner sides in the transverse direction for supporting the left and right front wheels in a steerable manner on outer sides in the transverse direction. A pair of left and right knuckle members are supported by transversely outer end portions of the left and right arm members in a swingable manner and which are steered together with the left and right front wheels, respectively. A regulating member for regulating the turning angle of each front wheel is provided between the transversely outer end portion of at least one of the left and right arm members and the knuckle member supported by the transversely outer end portion.

A leaning vehicle has a frame, a straddle seat, a motor, a shock tower pivotally connected the frame, the frame being pivotable relative to the shock tower, and front left and right suspension assemblies connected the frame. Each of the front left and right suspension assemblies comprises a leg operatively connected to a corresponding front left or right ground engaging member and being rotatable about a steering axis, an upper suspension arm having a first end pivotally connected to the frame and a second end pivotally connected to the leg, a lower suspension arm having a first end pivotally connected to the frame and a second end pivotally connected to the leg and a shock absorber having an upper end connected to the shock tower and a lower end connected to the lower suspension arm and a brake assembly connected to the frame and the shock tower.

A vehicle of the present disclosure may include at least one pair of opposing wheels coupled to a tiltable central chassis by a four-bar linkage or the like, such that the wheels are configured to tilt in unison with the central chassis. A steering actuator and/or a tilting actuator may be discretely controllable by an electronic controller of the vehicle. The controller may include processing logic configured to maintain alignment between a median plane of the chassis and a net force vector caused by gravity and any induced centrifugal forces. Various control algorithms may be utilized to steer the vehicle along a desired path, either autonomously or semi-autonomously.

A hydraulic system includes a hydraulic pump. A first hydraulic shock is coupled to a first port of the hydraulic pump. A second hydraulic shock is coupled to a second port of the hydraulic pump. A first hydraulic cylinder is coupled to the first port of the hydraulic pump. A second hydraulic cylinder is coupled to the second port of the hydraulic pump. A first valve is coupled between the first hydraulic cylinder and second hydraulic cylinder. The first valve can be actuated by a computer system or can be a ball and spring check valve. A second valve is coupled between the first hydraulic cylinder and second hydraulic cylinder. A flow direction of the second valve is opposite a flow direction of the first valve. A first piston is disposed in the first hydraulic cylinder, and a second piston is disposed in the second hydraulic cylinder.

A vehicle includes a body frame, a left front wheel and a right front wheel, a link mechanism configured to be deformed as a vehicle body leans, and vehicle components disposed directly forward of the link mechanism in relation to a front-and-rear direction of the vehicle. The vehicle components are supported on the body frame via penetrating portions that extend from the body frame toward the front of the vehicle and penetrate the link mechanism.

A leaning vehicle is equipped with a double wishbone (DWB) type suspension apparatus capable of improving comfort felt by an operator In the leaning vehicle, a connecting member is provided such that a first distance is smaller than a second distance. A distance from the connecting member to a hip point of an operator seat in a leaning-vehicle front-back direction is larger than a distance from the connecting member to a rotational center axis of each axle of a left rear wheel and a right rear wheel in the leaning vehicle front-back direction.

A leaning vehicle including a vehicle body, two front wheels, and a support mechanism by which the two front wheels are supported by the vehicle body. The support mechanism includes a joint mechanism that is a ball joint and that includes a ball stud including a ball part connected to a shaft, and a holder having an open end part through which the ball stud is insertable, such that the ball part is freely rotatable in the holder. The open end part includes first to fourth inner edge parts. When the ball stud is in a steering neutral and leaning neutral position, in a direction along a central axis of the ball stud, the first and second inner edge parts do not overlap, and the third and fourth inner edge parts overlap, the ball part. The ball stud is tiltable between the first and second inner edge parts.