A suspension apparatus includes: a damping device; an operating section; and a determination section. The determination section uses a base damping force determined based on a change velocity and an extension occasion adjustment value, or the base damping force, the extension occasion adjustment value and a zero occasion adjustment value to determine a target value of an extension occasion damping force. The determination section uses the base damping force, a compression occasion adjustment value and the zero occasion adjustment value, or the base damping force and the compression occasion adjustment value to determine a target value of an compression occasion damping force. The determination section uses the base damping force and the zero occasion adjustment value to determine a target value of a zero occasion damping force.

Methods and apparatus to calibrate height sensors of a vehicle suspension are described herein. An example method includes measuring a first voltage output of a height sensor coupled to a control arm of a suspension when the control arm is at a first position, associating the first voltage output to the first position of the control arm, measuring a second voltage output of the height sensor when the control arm is at a second position, associating the second voltage output to the second position of the control arm, measuring a third voltage output of the height sensor when the control arm is in a third position, and associating the third voltage output to the third position of the control arm.

A control apparatus for a suspension apparatus includes: an acquisition section which acquires a stroke amount of the suspension apparatus disposed between a vehicle body and a wheel to damp vibration propagated from the wheel; a calculation section which calculates a stroke velocity based on the stroke amount; and a damping force control section which controls damping force of the suspension apparatus based on the stroke velocity. The calculation section includes a first calculation section which differentiates the stroke amount by use of a first time constant as a time constant, to thereby calculate a first stroke velocity, and a second calculation section which differentiates the stroke amount by use of a second time constant larger than the first time constant as a time constant, to thereby calculate a second stroke velocity, and calculates the stroke velocity based on the first stroke velocity and the second stroke velocity.

A suspension device of the present invention includes a front wheel-side damper damping force of which is adjustable and which is placed between a vehicle body and a front wheel in a saddled vehicle, a rear wheel-side damper damping force of which is adjustable and which is placed between the vehicle body and a rear wheel, and a control device to control the damping force of the front wheel-side damper and the rear wheel-side damper. Responsiveness in a damping force adjustment of the front wheel-side damper is made higher than responsiveness in a damping force adjustment of the rear wheel-side damper.

A behavior control device for a vehicle includes: a first actuator configured to apply a vertical control force to a left wheel on a first axle, the first axle being a front axle or a rear axle of the vehicle; a second actuator configured to operate independently of the first actuator and to apply a vertical control force to a right wheel on the first axle; and a controller. The controller is configured to calculate a required value of a behavior parameter representing a behavior of the vehicle, convert the required value of the behavior parameter to a first required force for the first actuator and a second required force for the second actuator, and control the first actuator such that the vertical control force applied to the left wheel on the first axle becomes the first required force.

A vehicle-height control system of an independent corner module, includes a suspension link connected to a wheel and configured to be rotated according to upward-downward displace of the wheel, a gear unit connected to a vehicle body and a rotational center portion of the suspension link and configured to receive a rotation force from the suspension link, a control torsion bar, a first end portion thereof being connected to the gear unit and the second end portion thereof being connected to a torsion variation unit, the torsion variation unit applying a drive force to adjust a height of the control torsion bar and to maintain the adjusted height, and a controller connected to the torsion variation unit and adjusting the height of the control torsion bar.

The preview damping control includes an ECU. When the vehicle is traveling within a communications disruption area in which a radio communication device is hard to communicate with a cloud, the ECU uses road surface displacement correlating information that has been stored in an on-board memory device in advance for the communications disruption area so as to perform a preview damping control.

In a method of creating a database for preview vibration damping control, road surface displacement-associated information detected by a detection device is acquired, positional information capable of identifying a position where the road surface displacement-associated information is detected is acquired, a road surface displacement-associated value associated with a vertical displacement of a road surface is calculated based on the road surface displacement-associated information, and a set of data obtained by linking the road surface displacement-associated value and the positional information with each other is stored into a storage device as part of a database. When it is determined that the magnitude of the road surface displacement-associated value exceeds a permissible reference value set in advance, the magnitude of the road surface displacement-associated value is corrected in a reducing manner, prior to the step of storing the set of data into the storage device.

The electric suspension apparatus is mountable in a vehicle and includes: an electric actuator configured to perform a stroke operation in response to behavior by the vehicle; a motor configured to drive the electric actuator; a rotation angle sensor configured to detect an angle of rotation of the motor; and a controller configured to control the electric actuator, wherein the controller calculates a stroke amount for the electric actuator based on an amount of change in the rotation angle detected by the rotation angle sensor, and controls the electric actuator based on the calculated stroke amount.

A vehicle includes system for providing configurable stiffness characteristics. The system includes a cylinder having a first chamber and a second chamber, and a piston arranged between the first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is coupled to a first rebound volume and a first compression volume of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, each corresponding to a respective wheel of a vehicle. The second chamber is coupled to a second rebound volume and a second compression volume of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders.