An air intake system for a vehicle has a conduit having an internal wall forming an air passage. A deflector is disposed within the air passage. A restricting structure is disposed within the air passage between the deflector and a conduit outlet. The restricting structure defines at least in part an opening substantially laterally aligned with the deflector. The restricting structure has a lateral wall disposed downstream of the deflector and extending within the air passage. The lateral wall has a front surface generally facing a conduit inlet, and a plurality of surface-increasing features provided on the front surface. Each of the surface-increasing features has a length of at least 1 mm measured from the front surface in a direction normal thereto. An air intake system having a collector connected to the deflector and positioned to collect at least some moisture from air flowing past the deflector is also described.

An air intake system for a vehicle has a conduit having an internal wall forming an air passage. A deflector is disposed within the air passage. A restricting structure is disposed within the air passage between the deflector and a conduit outlet. The restricting structure defines at least in part an opening substantially laterally aligned with the deflector. The restricting structure has a lateral wall disposed downstream of the deflector and extending within the air passage. The lateral wall has a front surface generally facing a conduit inlet, and a plurality of surface-increasing features provided on the front surface. Each of the surface-increasing features has a length of at least 1 mm measured from the front surface in a direction normal thereto. An air intake system having a collector connected to the deflector and positioned to collect at least some moisture from air flowing past the deflector is also described.

A utility vehicle includes a plurality of ground-engaging members, a frame, a powertrain assembly, a front suspension assembly, and a rear suspension assembly. A cargo bed may be supported by the frame at the rear of the vehicle. The vehicle also includes an operator seat and at least one passenger seat positioned within an operator area. In one embodiment, the vehicle includes doors to enclose the operator area.

A utility vehicle includes a plurality of ground-engaging members, a frame, a powertrain assembly, a front suspension assembly, and a rear suspension assembly. A cargo bed may be supported by the frame at the rear of the vehicle. The vehicle also includes an operator seat and at least one passenger seat positioned within an operator area. In one embodiment, the vehicle includes doors to enclose the operator area.

An off-road vehicle includes a frame and an engine. The engine includes a cylinder block and a cylinder head, on which an exhaust passage is arranged. The cylinder head is provided with a supplementary air supply passage for mixing air into the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber. Alternatively, the supplementary air supply passage can be included in the exhaust system, such as in a cylinder head mounting flange of the exhaust pipe, upstream of an oxygen sensor and first and second stage catalytic converters. The exhaust gas from the engine is further oxidized by air, which reduces the content of components such as CO and NOx in the exhaust gas, improving environmental protection.

A gas estimating unit configured to estimate an amount and a composition of a gas generated inside a secondary battery includes at least one processor and at least one memory electrically coupled to each other. The at least one processor is configured to detect a presence or absence of a gas generating period. The gas generating period is a period for which the gas is generated inside the secondary battery while the secondary battery is in one or both of an overcharging state in which the secondary battery exceeds a voltage limit and a high-temperature state in which the secondary battery exceeds a temperature limit.

A gas estimating unit configured to estimate an amount and a composition of a gas generated inside a secondary battery includes at least one processor and at least one memory electrically coupled to each other. The at least one processor is configured to detect a presence or absence of a gas generating period. The gas generating period is a period for which the gas is generated inside the secondary battery while the secondary battery is in one or both of an overcharging state in which the secondary battery exceeds a voltage limit and a high-temperature state in which the secondary battery exceeds a temperature limit.

A utility vehicle includes a plurality of ground-engaging members, a frame, a powertrain assembly, a front suspension assembly, and a rear suspension assembly. A cargo bed may be supported by the frame at the rear of the vehicle. The vehicle also includes an operator seat and at least one passenger seat positioned within an operator area. In one embodiment, the vehicle includes doors to enclose the operator area.

A utility vehicle includes a plurality of ground-engaging members, a frame, a powertrain assembly, a front suspension assembly, and a rear suspension assembly. A cargo bed may be supported by the frame at the rear of the vehicle. The vehicle also includes an operator seat and at least one passenger seat positioned within an operator area. In one embodiment, the vehicle includes doors to enclose the operator area.

A partial body for an at least part-electrically operated motor vehicle includes a first receiving portion for a traction battery and a second receiving portion for an electric drive unit. The receiving portions are arranged behind one another with respect to a vehicle longitudinal direction and are arranged at least partially at the same height with respect to a vehicle vertical direction. Here, a body transverse wall, which is of double-walled design at least in certain portions and which extends in the vehicle vertical direction and vehicle transverse direction, is arranged between the first and second receiving portion such that, in the event of an accident-induced displacement of the drive unit in the direction of the traction battery. The drive unit can be supported on the body transverse wall in a targeted manner.