An FET makes an upstream power supply circuit an energized state and makes the upstream power supply circuit an interrupted state. An FET makes a downstream power supply circuit an energized state and makes the downstream power supply circuit an interrupted state. An FET turns on to make an anode and a cathode of the capacitor an energized state, and turns off to make the anode and the cathode an interrupted state. A controller turns on the FET and the FET and turns off the FET to make a power supply circuit an energized state. When a certain discharge request is input in the energized state of the power supply circuit, the controller turns off the FET and turns on the FET and the FET. With this configuration, a semiconductor relay device can appropriately address the power supply circuit at the time of abnormality.

An electric power supply control apparatus for a vehicle decreases a first electric power prior to switching the modes, when a sum of a request value of a second electric power and the first electric power exceeds a total electric power upper limit value in the mode before the switching, and switches the modes after the sum of the decreased first electric power and the request value of the second electric power becomes equal to or smaller than the total electric power upper limit value.

A vehicle is provided with an electrical storage device, a first connector capable of charging and discharging the power of the electrical storage device, a second connector capable of charging and discharging the power of the electrical storage device, and an ECU for controlling charging and discharging performed via the first connector and the charging and discharging performed via the second connector. The ECU selects and implements any one of the following according to the operation of an operation unit provided to a first plug connected to the first connector: discharging from the electrical storage device via the first connector, charging to the electrical storage device via the first connector, discharging from the electrical storage device via the second connector, and charging to the electrical storage device via the second connector.

A vehicle comprising a battery, a power converter, a charger, a first and a second temperature adjustment circuit including a first and a second pumps for supplying a heat medium, a coupling passage which forms a coupling circuit by coupling the first and the second temperature adjustment circuits, a switching unit capable of switching a state between a circulation state and a non-circulation state, and a control device to select one mode from a plurality of modes. The plurality of modes includes a series mode in which the heat medium is circulated in the coupling circuit in the circulation state and a separate mode in which the heat medium is circulated in at least the second temperature adjustment circuit in the non-circulation state. The control device executes the series mode when charging the battery.

A power source system includes a first power source, a second power source, a Direct Current to Direct Current converter, a first load including a vehicle control device configured to perform predetermined control regarding at least one of traveling, steering, and braking of the vehicle regardless of a driving operation performed by a driver of the vehicle, and an electric actuator as a control target of the vehicle control device, and connected to the first path so as to be supplied with power from the first power source, and a power source control device configured to control an operation of the Direct Current to Direct Current converter such that power is supplied to the first path from the second power source in a case where the predetermined control is performed.

A method for operating a traction power supply system of an electrically-driven transportation vehicle in response to a short circuit, wherein the traction power supply system includes a voltage source and at least two electric drive units connected to the voltage source via respective electrical distribution paths, and wherein at least one electrical isolating element for selective isolation of the voltage source is arranged in the distribution path of each drive unit, wherein, in response to a short circuit in the traction power supply system being detected, the method includes detecting in which distribution path and/or in which drive unit the short circuit is present; operating the traction power supply system in a ready-to-drive state, wherein only that drive unit in which or in the distribution path of which the short circuit is present is isolated from the voltage source.

A heat exchange system includes a first thermal circuit, a second thermal circuit, and a controller. A first thermal circuit includes a first device, a first pump, and a first flow path and a second flow path configured to cool the first device. A second thermal circuit includes a second device, a second pump, and a third flow path and a fourth flow path configured to cool the second device. A controller is configured to switch, when the controller switches a flow path of the first thermal circuit from the first flow path to the second flow path and switches a flow path of the second thermal circuit from the fourth flow path to the third flow path, the fourth flow path to the third flow path and the first flow path to the second flow path.

An electrochemical apparatus includes a battery group, a main supply loop, a pre-charging circuit, and a control module. The pre-charging circuit includes a first switch and a thermo-sensitive element. The thermo-sensitive element is configured to electrically connect the first switch, and impedance of the thermo-sensitive element increases with a rise in temperature. The first switch is electrically connected to the control module and the main supply loop, the thermo-sensitive element is electrically connected to the first switch, and the control module is configured to control the first switch to close to turn on the pre-charging circuit. When the pre-charging circuit meets a preset condition, the control module controls the first switch to open to turn off the pre-charging circuit. This application further provides an electrical apparatus, an electric vehicle, and a power supply control method for an electrochemical apparatus.

A robot lawnmower includes a body and a drive system carried by the body and configured to maneuver the robot across a lawn. The robot also includes a grass cutter and a swath edge detector, both carried by the body. The swath edge detector is configured to detect a swath edge between cut and uncut grass while the drive system maneuvers the robot across the lawn while following a detected swath edge. The swath edge detector includes a calibrator that monitors uncut grass for calibration of the swath edge detector. In some examples, the calibrator comprises a second swath edge detector.

A system includes a vehicle including a motive electrical power path; a power distribution unit including: a current protection circuit disposed in the motive electrical power path, the current protection circuit including a fuse and a contactor in a series arrangement with the fuse; a high voltage power input coupling including a first electrical interface for a high voltage power source; and a high voltage power output coupling including a second electrical interface for a motive power load, where the current protection circuit electrically couples the high voltage power input coupling to the high voltage power output coupling.