Embodiments of the present application provide a charging method, a battery management system for a traction battery and a charging pile, which can effectively ensure normal charging of an electric vehicle. The charging method is used for charging a traction battery, and the method includes: determining, by the battery management system (BMS) of the traction battery, a pulse charging demand parameter according to a battery state parameter of the traction battery; and sending a pulse charging information to a charging pile by the BMS, the pulse charging information including the pulse charging demand parameter for indicating the charging pile to output a pulse current for charging the traction battery.

A system includes a fuel cell engine, a plurality of switching devices, and a controller. The fuel cell engine includes a plurality of fuel cell modules connected in series as a fuel cell string, and then a plurality of these strings connected in parallel. The switching device(s) are electrically coupled to bypass when required each module(s) and or disconnect each string(s). The decision whether a module(s) and/or string(s) are bypassed, disconnected, or left to operate is based on a sensory feedback that is input into the finite state machine and fault management process that are embedded within the fuel cell controller. The bypassing scheme at the module level is handled in a manner such that the remaining modules within a series string can provide continuous, uninterrupted flow of current to the end application.

A system includes a fuel cell engine, a plurality of switching devices, and a controller. The fuel cell engine includes a plurality of fuel cell modules connected in series as a fuel cell string, and then a plurality of these strings connected in parallel. The switching device(s) are electrically coupled to bypass when required each module(s) and or disconnect each string(s). The decision whether a module(s) and/or string(s) are bypassed, disconnected, or left to operate is based on a sensory feedback that is input into the finite state machine and fault management process that are embedded within the fuel cell controller. The bypassing scheme at the module level is handled in a manner such that the remaining modules within a series string can provide continuous, uninterrupted flow of current to the end application.

An embodiment driving distribution apparatus of a drone unit includes a first drone unit located on a first end of a vehicle and a second drone unit located on a second end of the vehicle, wherein each of the first and second drone units includes a sensor unit configured to measure a gradient traveling environment of the vehicle, a driving unit configured to apply a driving force of the vehicle, and a control unit configured to control driving amounts of the first drone unit and the second drone unit based on the gradient traveling environment of the vehicle.

An embodiment driving distribution apparatus of a drone unit includes a first drone unit located on a first end of a vehicle and a second drone unit located on a second end of the vehicle, wherein each of the first and second drone units includes a sensor unit configured to measure a gradient traveling environment of the vehicle, a driving unit configured to apply a driving force of the vehicle, and a control unit configured to control driving amounts of the first drone unit and the second drone unit based on the gradient traveling environment of the vehicle.

An aircraft has an aircraft propulsor and/or an aircraft propulsor drive. The aircraft propulsor and/or an aircraft propulsor drive acts as a waste heat source. The aircraft has a metal-air fuel cell. The aircraft has a waste heat transfer system configured to thermally couple the metal-air fuel cell and a waste heat source. The aircraft includes a control system configured to operate the waste heat transfer system to selectively transfer waste heat from the waste heat source to the metal-air fuel cell.

An aircraft has an aircraft propulsor and/or an aircraft propulsor drive. The aircraft propulsor and/or an aircraft propulsor drive acts as a waste heat source. The aircraft has a metal-air fuel cell. The aircraft has a waste heat transfer system configured to thermally couple the metal-air fuel cell and a waste heat source. The aircraft includes a control system configured to operate the waste heat transfer system to selectively transfer waste heat from the waste heat source to the metal-air fuel cell.

A fuel cell vehicle includes a fuel cell, a gas supply unit, a friction brake system, a drive motor, an electric storage device, and a control unit configured to execute control of obtaining requested braking force with use of friction braking force and regenerative braking force and control of performing a scavenging process. When the fuel cell vehicle is in braking with the friction braking force and the regenerative braking force, the control unit is configured to determine whether or not a scavenging preparation condition is satisfied with use of the amount of stagnant water stagnating in the fuel cell, execute a responsiveness enhancement process when the scavenging preparation condition is executed, and execute a scavenging process when the responsiveness enhancement process is completed, and the amount of the stagnant water reaches a reference value.

A hydrogen boiloff capture system. The hydrogen boiloff capture system having a cryogenic tank for storing liquid hydrogen. The hydrogen boiloff capture system also includes an intermediate tank fluidically coupled with the cryogenic tank. The intermediate tank is configured to receive hydrogen gas boiloff from the cryogenic tank. The intermediate tank is further configured to provide the hydrogen gas boiloff to a lighter-than-air craft to regulate buoyancy of the lighter-than-air craft. The intermediate tank is also configured to provide the hydrogen gas boiloff to a hydrogen fuel cell coupled to the lighter-than-air craft.

A hydrogen boiloff capture system. The hydrogen boiloff capture system having a cryogenic tank for storing liquid hydrogen. The hydrogen boiloff capture system also includes an intermediate tank fluidically coupled with the cryogenic tank. The intermediate tank is configured to receive hydrogen gas boiloff from the cryogenic tank. The intermediate tank is further configured to provide the hydrogen gas boiloff to a lighter-than-air craft to regulate buoyancy of the lighter-than-air craft. The intermediate tank is also configured to provide the hydrogen gas boiloff to a hydrogen fuel cell coupled to the lighter-than-air craft.