A vehicle and a method of immobilising a vehicle. The vehicle (100) includes a transport refrigeration unit (10), a power management system (20) for supplying power to the transport refrigeration unit (10), and a braking system (30). The power management system (20) includes an electric charging connector (26) and controller (24) configured to determine if a charging cable is engaged with the electric charging connector (26). If the controller (24) determines that a charging cable is engaged with the electric charging connector (26), the braking system (30) is configured to immobilise the vehicle (100).

A processing unit segments the route into a plurality of sections. It is, for each section, obtains a set of route section characteristic values, R.sub.SCV, that will impact the energy consumption of the vehicle whilst driving within the section, obtains a set of vehicle energy consumption values, V.sub.ECV, that will impact the energy consumption of the vehicle whilst driving within the section at least partly based on R.sub.SCV, estimates a first probability distribution, P.sub.1, of the energy consumption for the vehicle whilst driving within the section based on R.sub.SCV, V.sub.ECV, and a first set of traffic information values, T.sub.1, within the section, estimates a second probability distribution, P.sub.2, of the energy consumption for the vehicle whilst driving within the section based on R.sub.SCV, V.sub.ECV, and a second set of traffic information values, T.sub.2, within the section, estimates a traffic flow indicator, I.sub.TF, for the section based on R.sub.SCV, V.sub.ECV and a third set of traffic information values, T.sub.3, within the section, and determines a route section probability distribution, P.sub.RS, of the energy consumption for the vehicle whilst driving within the section based on the relation between I.sub.TF, P.sub.1, and P.sub.2.

A vehicle control system includes a power inverter circuit configured to power an electric motor; an inertial measurement sensor; and a load determination circuit communicably coupled to the power inverter circuit and the inertial measurement sensor. The load determination circuit is configured to (i) receive an indication of vehicle torque from the power inverter circuit, (ii) receive an indication of acceleration from the inertial measurement sensor, and (iii) determine a mass of a vehicle based on the indication of vehicle torque and the indication of acceleration.

A vehicle control system includes a vehicle sensor, a first power inverter circuit, a second power inverter circuit, and a torque control unit communicably coupled to each of the vehicle sensor, the first power inverter circuit, and the second power inverter circuit. The vehicle sensor is configured to monitor a steering input to the electric vehicle. The torque control unit is configured to (i) determine a stability factor based on the steering input, and (ii) reallocate power exchanged with the first power inverter circuit and the second power inverter circuit based on the stability factor.

A vehicle control system includes a first vehicle sensor configured to monitor a motor speed; a second vehicle sensor configured to monitor a torque request; a first power inverter circuit; a second power inverter circuit; and a torque control unit communicably coupled to the first power inverter circuit and the second power inverter circuit. The torque control unit is configured to (i) determine an efficiency bias based on the motor speed and the torque request, and (ii) reallocate power exchanged with the first power inverter circuit and the second power inverter circuit based on the efficiency bias.

A safety system for a baggage tractor is provided that addresses the problems associated with tipping over or flipping of vehicles due to excessive speed around turns. Additionally, the safety system for a baggage tractor is provided that is fully integrated to ease replacement of a combustion engine in a baggage tractors with an electric motor and automated safety control system.

A transport refrigeration system (1) includes a transportation refrigeration unit (37); a generator (11) connected to a wheel axle (7A) of the transport refrigeration system (1), the wheel axle (7A) being coupled to a wheel (5), wherein the generator (11) is configured to be driven to generate electricity by rotation of the wheel axle (7A) and to supply that electricity to the transportation refrigeration unit (37); and a damper (23) connected to the wheel axle (7A) between the wheel (5) and the generator (11). Short spikes or pulsations in torque along the wheel axle (7A) resulting from, e.g., harsh braking or wheel blocking can be, dampened, either wholly or partly, by the damper (23) such that damage to the transport refrigeration system (1) can be avoided.

Technologies are described herein to prioritize delivery of power to electrical components associated with a vehicle and an electrically powered accessory. A power distribution unit may assess real-time power needs for the electrical storage system associated with the vehicle and electrical storage device of the electrically powered accessory and direct incoming power to the electrical storage system associated with the vehicle and the electrical storage device of the electrically powered accessory based on a prioritization of various factors.

Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for storing and discharging power. Each module includes an energy source and converter circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system. The modules can be arranged in serial arrays that in turn can be reconfigurably connected for interfacing the system with either an AC entity or a DC entity. Mobile charge stations having reconfigurable arrays are also disclosed.

A vehicle battery housing which enables an electric vehicle to have an increased battery on-board capacity. The vehicle battery housing is mounted on a vehicle having a ladder frame and includes a first battery accommodating portion arranged in a first space between two side rails constituting the ladder frame and a second battery accommodating portion greater in vehicle-widthwise dimension than the first battery accommodating portion and connected to the first battery accommodating portion to be located in a second space vehicle-heightwise below the first space.