A multi-battery control system, for an electric vehicle, includes a main battery module, comprising a main controller and a main battery, wherein the main controller controls the main battery to provide current to a motor module of the electric vehicle, and the main controller obtains a first state of charge (SoC) value and a first battery temperature of the main battery; and an auxiliary battery module, comprising an auxiliary controller and an auxiliary battery, wherein the main controller utilizes a communication interface to communicate with the auxiliary controller to control the auxiliary battery module, the auxiliary battery module selectively provides current to the motor module or charges the main battery, and the main controller obtains a second SoC value and a second battery temperature of the auxiliary battery through the communication interface.

A device for addition of motive force to a vehicle, with rotor-plate, rotor-arms, rotor permanent magnets, stator-plate, stator columns, stator electromagnets, and battery, cell, or other energy storage device. The device is retro-fittable on existing wheel assemblies, and installation coverts an internal combustion vehicle to a hybrid with electric propulsion.

A through the road (TTR) hybridization strategy is proposed to facilitate introduction of hybrid electric vehicle technology in a significant portion of current and expected trucking fleets. In some cases, the technologies can be retrofitted onto an existing vehicle (e.g., a truck, a tractor unit, a trailer, a tractor-trailer configuration, at a tandem, etc.). In some cases, the technologies can be built into new vehicles. In some cases, one vehicle may be built or retrofitted to operate in tandem with another and provide the hybridization benefits contemplated herein. By supplementing motive forces delivered through a primary drivetrain and fuel-fed engine with supplemental torque delivered at one or more electrically-powered drive axles, improvements in overall fuel efficiency and performance may be delivered, typically without significant redesign of existing components and systems that have been proven in the trucking industry.

A control unit for a vehicle having an active steering system capable of changing a steering gear ratio between a steering angle of a steering wheel and a tire steering angle includes a steering turning assist controller and a left-right driving force controller. The steering turning assist controller controls the steering gear ratio so that a yaw rate generated by the vehicle becomes a target yaw rate to assist a turning of the vehicle. The left-right driving force controller controls, in the left and right electric drive wheels which each add a yaw moment to a vehicle body independently of a steering system and are able to be independently driven, driving forces of the electric drive wheels so that the yaw rate generated by the vehicle becomes the target yaw rate based on a roll of the vehicle.

A system for converting an internal combustion engine vehicle having an arrangement of vehicle accessories into an electric vehicle. The system includes an accessory plate having a series of openings for coupling the vehicle accessories to the accessory plate. The openings are arranged corresponding to the arrangement of the vehicle accessories in the internal combustion engine vehicle such that the vehicle accessories are supported in the same configuration in the electric vehicle as in the internal combustion engine vehicle.

An apparatus for controlling an electric motor in a motor-assisted, pedaled or hand-cranked vehicle includes a processor adapted to calculate a value for the net opposing force acting on the vehicle; a vehicle speed sensor, an accelerometer to measure a component of vehicle acceleration in a direction of travel of the vehicle, an air pressure sensor measuring air pressure in the direction of travel, a sensor that measures the power output of the electric motor, and a power assist processor that calculates an amount of power to be supplied by an electric motor according to measured values for speed, acceleration, air pressure, and power provided by a person riding the vehicle.

A battery assembly for an electric vehicle is provided that includes a housing, one or more battery units, and a mounting system. The one or more battery units are disposed within the housing. The mounting system is disposed adjacent to a top surface, e.g., on a planar top surface or within an upwardly oriented concavity. The mounting system has a frame member bracket and a housing bracket system. The housing bracket system includes a housing bracket, a load member and a vibration isolator. The housing bracket is configured to be coupled to the frame member bracket. The load member has a first portion disposed adjacent to an upper surface and a second portion disposed along a lateral portion of the housing. The vibration isolator is disposed between the load member and the housing bracket. The vibration isolator is configured to reduce load transmission from the frame member of the vehicle to the housing.

A battery system includes an auxiliary battery releasably coupled to a main battery. The main battery includes a charge controller and has a first output voltage. The main battery is configured to be electrically coupled to a bicycle drive unit and supply power to the drive unit. The auxiliary battery has a second output voltage. The auxiliary battery is releasably coupled to the main battery in series such that a total output voltage of the main battery and auxiliary battery is equal to a sum of the first and second output voltages.

A modular electric vehicle includes a first body module having a lateral connecting side, a second body module having a lateral connecting side, two first wheels mounted to the first body module, two second wheels mounted to the second body module, and a connection unit. The connection unit includes a first electrical connector disposed at the lateral connecting side of the first body module, and a second electrical connector disposed at the lateral connecting side of the second body module. The first electrical connector is operable to be selectively and electrically coupled to the second electrical connector, so that the first and second body modules can be selectively assembled to form a relatively light electric vehicle.

A method of operating a personal transporter includes mounting the personal transporter. A torque stick apparatus having a rotating wheel is provided. The wheel of the torque stick apparatus is positioned against a drive surface to drive the personal transporter across a transport surface.