A system includes an acquisition unit which acquires information indicating working history of each of a plurality of fuel cells; an estimation unit which estimates deterioration degrees of a plurality of members of the plurality of fuel cells based on the working history; and a recommendation unit which recommends that which other fuel cell should replace a first fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells, based on the deterioration degrees. The method includes acquiring information indicating working history of each of a plurality of fuel cells; estimating deterioration degrees of a plurality of members of the plurality of fuel cells based on the working history; and recommending that which other fuel cell should replace a first fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells, based on the deterioration degrees.

A battery electric vehicle includes a motor configured to output torque for driving to a drive shaft, a mode selector configured to select a driving mode from a plurality of driving modes based on driver's operation including a motor driving mode that the battery electric vehicle is driven by outputting a required torque required for driving from the motor and a gear shift driving mode that the battery electric vehicle is driven with behavior of torque output from the motor as behavior of the torque in an engine vehicle including an engine and a transmission based on the driver's shift operation, and a controller programmed to control the motor such that the battery electric vehicle drives in the driving mode selected by the mode selector. The controller is programmed to permit switching between the motor driving mode and the gear shift driving mode when a steering wheel is gripped.

A motion system includes one or more batteries that output direct current electrical power to first and second inverters that generate first and second alternating current electrical power outputs. A first electric machine is configured to be operated by the first alternating current electrical power output. A second electric machine is configured to be operated by the second alternating current electrical power output.

A vehicle control device includes a processor configured to execute computer-readable instructions to perform. The processor is configured to acquiring a state of a first battery and a state of a second battery having lower capacity and higher power than the first battery, calculating a first upper power limit value based on the state of the first battery, calculating a second upper power limit value based on the state of the second battery, and calculating a power output ratio between amounts of electric power to be supplied from the first battery and the second battery to a motor that outputs motive power for traveling based on the first upper power limit value and the second upper power limit value, and controlling electric power to be output to the motor based on a traveling mode of a vehicle, a maximum driving force in the motor, and the power output ratio. The controlling of the electric power includes changes the maximum amount of electric power based on whether or not the traveling mode is a first traveling mode in which traveling performance has higher priority than that in another traveling mode.

A power supply system for a vehicle includes a management ECU that controls output power of first and second batteries in a normal mode or an output priority mode, a first cooler that cools the first battery, a second cooler that cools the second battery, and a cooling circuit ECU that controls first and second cooling output of the coolers. In a case where an operation mode of the management ECU is the output priority mode and the first battery has a cooling remaining-capacity, the cooling circuit ECU increases the first cooling output as compared with a case where the operation mode is the normal mode. In a case where the operation mode is the output priority mode and the second battery has a cooling remaining-capacity, the cooling circuit ECU increases the second cooling output as compared with the case where the operation mode is the normal mode.

A method operats a storage system for a vehicle. The storage system has a first storage module and a second storage module for providing electrical energy to or for receiving electrical energy from a distribution network. The distribution network is coupled to an electrical motor of the vehicle. The first storage module is coupled by a direct current voltage converter to the distribution network. The method determines whether an amount of a voltage difference between a power supply voltage of the distributor network and a first storage voltage of the first storage module is equal to or less than a voltage threshold value. The method carries out one or more measures for increasing the amount of the voltage difference when it is determined that the amount is equal to or less than the voltage threshold value.

The disclosure relates to an electrical system for a vehicle, comprising a low-voltage sub-network for at least one low-voltage load and comprising a high-voltage sub-network for at least one high-voltage load and an electric generator. The high-voltage sub-network has a battery which is designed to generate a high-voltage and output same to the high-voltage sub-network and which has at least two battery units with individual voltage taps. The high-voltage sub-network is connected to the low-voltage sub-network via a coupling unit which is designed to draw energy from the high-voltage sub-network and supply said energy to the low-voltage sub-network. The coupling unit is designed to selectively connect the battery units to the low-voltage sub-network. The disclosure further relates to a method for operating an electrical system, to a motor vehicle, and to a battery management system and a computer program which are designed to carry out the method.

A method of controlling audio speaker settings in a vehicle with a rear row of seating comprises: requesting an operator of the vehicle to make a choice between a first option, wherein the vehicle automatically controls audio speaker settings based on a dynamically determined occupancy state of the rear row of seating, and a second option, wherein the vehicle recommends audio speaker settings to the operator based on the dynamically determined occupancy state; dynamically determining the occupancy state; if the operator chooses the first option, then automatically controlling audio speaker settings based on the dynamically determined occupancy state; and if the operator chooses the second option, then providing recommended audio speaker settings to the operator based on the dynamically determined occupancy state. The audio speaker settings include volume.

The invention relates to a method for operating an on-board electrical system (1) for a motor vehicle, wherein the on-board electrical system (1) has a low-voltage electrical subsystem (21) with at least one low-voltage load (29) and a starter (26), and has a high-voltage electrical subsystem (20) having at least one high-voltage load (25) and one electrical generator (23), wherein the high-voltage electrical subsystem (20) is connected to the low-voltage electrical subsystem (21) by means of a coupling unit (33) which is designed to draw energy from the high-voltage electrical subsystem (20) and to supply energy to the low-voltage electrical subsystem (21), wherein the high-voltage electrical subsystem (20) has a battery (40) which is designed to generate the high voltage and output said high voltage to the high-voltage electrical subsystem (20), and which has at least two battery units (41-1, 41-2, . . . , 41-n) with line sections (80-11, 80-12, . . . , 80-n2) which are routed to the coupling unit (33). In this case, the coupling unit (33) is designed to selectively connect the battery units (41-1, 41-2, . . . , 41-n) to the low-voltage electrical subsystem (21). The invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine and an on-board electrical system (1) of this kind.

The invention relates to a method for the intelligent heating of a fuel cell system (1), wherein a heat required for heating a fuel cell system (1) integrated in a vehicle (2) to an operating temperature is provided by a secondary brake system (3) of the vehicle (2) in the form of at least one retarder (3.1) and/or a brake chopper (3.2), The invention is characterized in that a planned journey is carried out with the vehicle (2), wherein the vehicle (2) switches from battery-electric operation to a fuel cell operating mode at a switchover time during the journey, in which a drive energy required to drive the vehicle (2) is provided by the fuel cell system (1), wherein an analysis of the planned journey is carried out before the start of the journey in order to determine an amount of heat which can be drawn from the secondary braking system (3) during a period of the journey, and wherein the switchover time is determined as a function of the amount of heat which can be drawn and/or heating of the fuel cell system (1) is started before the start of the journey in order to ensure that the fuel cell system (1) has reached the operating temperature when the switchover time is reached.