Embodiments describe a battery system that includes a first battery module coupled to a regenerative braking system and a control module that controls operation of the battery system by: determining a predicted driving pattern over a prediction horizon using a driving pattern recognition model based in part on a battery current and a previous driving pattern; determining a predicted battery resistance of the first battery module over the prediction horizon using a recursive battery model based in part on the predicted driving pattern, the battery current, a present bus voltage, and a previous bus voltage; determining a target trajectory of a battery temperature of the first battery module over a control horizon using an objective function; and controlling magnitude and duration of electrical power supplied from the regenerative such that a predicted trajectory of the battery temperature is guided toward the target trajectory of the battery temperature during the control horizon.

An electric motor controlling system used for vibration suppression of an electric vehicle is disclosed. The controlling system includes a PID-controller and a vibration suppression compensator. The PID-controller generates a basic torque command through performing a calculation based on input speed-error signal of the electric vehicle, the vibration suppression compensator generates a compensated torque command through performing a compensation gain procedure on the input speed-error signal. The vibration suppression compensator further receives a motor speed of the electric vehicle, sets its output as the compensated torque command when the motor speed is smaller than a preset active speed level, otherwise sets the output as 0. The controlling system generates an output torque command via adding up the basic torque command and the output of the vibration suppression compensator, and operates electric motor components of the electric vehicle according to the output torque command.

Methods and systems are provided for cruise control velocity tracking. In one example, the method or system may generate a torque command output via a velocity controller that allows for an error within bounds to reduce a fuel consumption amount, the torque command output selected from outcomes of a leader and follower game.

A control apparatus for a vehicle includes: a program updating portion configured to update a vehicle program to a new program received via a radio communication from an external device that is provided outside the vehicle; and a remaining-electric-energy reduction suppressing portion configured, when there is a program update request requesting the vehicle program to be updated to the new program, to execute a control for suppressing reduction of a remaining electric energy remaining in a vehicle electric-storage device configured to supply an update-consumed electric energy that is an electric energy consumed when the vehicle program is being updated to the new program.

Various methods and systems are provided for an auxiliary power unit of a vehicle. In one example, a system for a vehicle having a main power unit (MPU) coupled to an alternator and an auxiliary power unit (APU) configured to provide power to one or more hotel loads of the vehicle comprises: a controller with computer readable instructions stored in non-transitory memory executable to initiate operation of the APU in response to a drain load being applied to a battery of the vehicle that will deplete the battery to a state of charge (SOC) level that is less than a determined SOC threshold level in less time than a determined period, and the MPU is not in operation.

A vehicle power system includes loads, a battery coupled to the loads, an ultra-capacitor coupled to the battery, and a bypass circuit. The loads, the ultra-capacitor, and the battery are electrically coupled in series. The bypass circuit monitors the ultra-capacitor and prevents the ultra-capacitor from over-discharging and reversing in polarity.

Methods and systems are provided for a hybrid transmission. In one example, a method for a hybrid transmission, comprising, adjusting voltage on an inverter of an electric motor prior to disconnecting or connecting a battery contact in response to a transition between a first mode and a second mode. In the first mode, a battery and at least the electric motor are used to power rotation of a transmission output shaft. In the second mode, an engine and at least the electric motor are used to power rotation of the transmission output shaft. In one example, the adjusting is initiated in response to a request to transition between the first mode and the second mode. In one example, the method includes controlling current to the battery to within a non-zero threshold of zero in response to the request to transition the first mode to the second mode.

Information that was collected in time series in a moving body is delivered by wireless communication to a base station in a state in which real-time performance is high and omission of the information is reduced. An information transmission device installed in the moving body includes: a communication section; a position detection section; and a zone information storage section. An operation mode is periodically determined based on the current position and the zone information. When a first operation mode is determined, a predetermined attribute is assigned to new information. When a second operation mode is determined, new information and at least a part of information to which the attribute was assigned are transmitted to the base station. The attribute that had been assigned to the transmitted information among the information to which the attribute was assigned is removed.

Autoscrubbers are capable of being operated in a manual (e.g. walk-behind) mode and an autonomous (operator free) mode and capable of switching between such operational modes. Apparatus and methods for steering such autoscrubbers use steering torque mechanisms to apply steering torques independently to left and right drive wheels. Steering systems for autonomous operation may be retrofit onto existing walk-behind autoscrubbers to implement this functionality. The autonomous control capability may not detract appreciably from an operator's ability to use the autoscrubber in a manual (walk-behind) mode.

Autoscrubbers are capable of being operated in a manual (e.g. walk-behind) mode and an autonomous (operator free) mode and capable of switching between such operational modes. Apparatus and methods for steering such autoscrubbers use steering torque mechanisms to apply steering torques independently to left and right drive wheels. Steering systems for autonomous operation may be retrofit onto existing walk-behind autoscrubbers to implement this functionality. The autonomous control capability may not detract appreciably from an operator's ability to use the autoscrubber in a manual (walk-behind) mode.