This disclosure relates to instruments and methods of performing an endoscopy. An endoscope for producing images of a surgery in vivo may include a hub and an imaging rod extending from the hub, the imaging rod being configured to receive light and direct the light to an imaging sensor located adjacent to a distal end of the imaging rod, the hub and the imaging rod being attached to form an assembly having a center of mass established distally of the hub. In other implementations, the hub may be omitted.

The present disclosure relates to visualizing an operative field in the context of a dental operating theater, and more specifically, to a portable, modular, multifunctional intraoral imaging system to assist a practitioner in performing a medical or dental procedure in a confined space (e.g., intraoral cavity or mouth of a patient). The system may include an intraoral camera apparatus having a camera unit equipped with a wireless transmitter, and a viewscreen mounted to an articulated stand or dental delivery unit, wherein the camera wirelessly may transmit an image to a viewscreen located directly in front of a dental practitioner. The practitioner may look directly ahead at a high-definition screen to view the operative field. A dental practitioner may use the apparatus to perform micro-surgical procedures in a confined operative area with less-than-ideal visibility and access, without the present, though generally accepted, physical difficulties and limitations.

The present invention discloses access devices and methods to create an access channel for introduction of one or more working devices into an anatomical region. The access channel is created using a visualization modality that is later removed before inserting one or more working devices through the access channel. This allows the methods and devices of the present invention to be used even in small sized natural or surgically created insertion tracts leading to the anatomical region. The access channel can be made of a device such as a sheath, a guidewire, and an elongate device comprising a lumen. Examples of visualization modalities are endoscopes and body insertable ultrasound imaging devices. The working devices can be used to perform a variety of diagnostic, therapeutic, or preventive procedures. Endometrial ablation devices and procedures have been used as an example to describe various aspects of the present invention.

A surgical device comprises an elongate shaft (12) which extends from a proximal end region to a distal end region thereof, the shaft (12) defining a first lumen (14) for receiving an elongate camera device therein, a second lumen (16) for receiving a tissue manipulation device therein, and a third lumen (18) for receiving a tissue retrieval device therein, the first, second and third lumens (14, 16, 18) extending from the proximal end region to the distal end region of the elongate shaft, and having respective open ends at the distal end region of the elongate shaft. The surgical device further comprises an elongate camera device which extends along the first lumen, a tissue manipulation device which extends along the second lumen, and a tissue retrieval device which extends along the third lumen.

A medical supporting arm according to the present disclosure includes a supporting arm and a calculation unit. The supporting arm supports an oblique-viewing endoscope. The calculation unit calculates a rotation angle of the oblique-viewing endoscope around an axis in a longitudinal direction, and an insertion amount of the oblique-viewing endoscope into a human body on the basis of a first expression that defines coordinates of a subject in a coordinate system in which an insertion opening allowing the oblique-viewing endo scope to be inserted into the human body serves as an origin, and a second expression that defines the coordinates of the subject positioned in an optical axis direction of an objective lens disposed at a distal end of the oblique-viewing endoscope in a coordinate system in which the distal end of the oblique-viewing endoscope serves as an origin.

There is provided a medical holding apparatus including: a first actuator configured to cause a medical optical tool that guides light from a body cavity of a subject to a camera head during a surgical operation, to rotate about an optical axis of the medical optical tool and a rotation mechanism configured to support the camera head that acquires an image of the body cavity of the subject via the medical optical tool, the camera head being rotatable about the optical axis of the medical optical tool independently from the medical optical tool.

There is provided a system for cardiac electromagnetic/magnetic catheterization for diagnosing and treating blood vessels of a patient. The system having at least one electromagnetic intraluminal capsule able to force its way through a narrowing blood vessel, the capsule carrying a camera allowing visualization of blood vessels of a patient. There is a portable electromagnetic tip, where the tip pulls the electromagnetic capsule by electromagnetic force, and when the magnetic tip moves along a body of a patient and pulls the intraluminal electromagnetic capsule along with it towards a narrowing blood vessel visualized by the camera, so that the capsule then treats the narrowing site and clears the blood vessel from coronary plaque. In addition working capsule can replace diseased valve in any cardiac position for either temporary or permanent needs.

There is described an apparatus comprising a first optical element, a second optical element and a spacing element for use with a mobile user device. The first optical element is configured to provide an image of an object to an intermediate image plane and the second optical element magnifies the image to provide a final image in a final image plane in which a camera aperture of the device is supported. The spacing element maintains a fixed separation between the object and the first optical element. Image magnification is achieved while also providing a space for tool access. Mirrors may be used to divert the optical path, allowing the optical path to be folded for more compact apparatus. A third optical element disposed at the intermediate image plane may be used to reduce vignetting effects in the final image.

An endoscope includes an optical laminate and an image sensor. The optical laminate includes a first optical member that is a glass lens where an optical window is formed in a planar substrate, including a recessed portion or a protruding portion around the optical window, and a second optical member having a flat surface facing the substrate of the first optical member, and including a protrusion made of resin for being fitted with the recessed portion or the protruding portion. The flat surface of the second optical member is a surface of a glass substrate on the first optical member side. A resin lens of the second optical member is arranged on a surface on an opposite side of the flat surface. A flat portion excluding the optical window and the recessed portion or the protruding portion is in contact with the flat surface of the second optical member.

A processing apparatus includes a processor configured to: compare a first index with a first reference value that has been determined for the first index, the first index indicating a receiving performance of a wireless signal that has been received by a receiving antenna from a medical device; perform switching to a first mode or a second mode based on a result of the comparing; and when the switching has been performed to the second mode, set a radiation direction of the receiving antenna toward a section in which a second index satisfies a condition relative to a second reference value that has been determined for the second index, from among a plurality of sections from which the receiving antenna receives the wireless signal, the second index indicating the receiving performance of the wireless signal that has been received.