An adapter panel for establishing a horizontal return and optional mount for accessories to a vehicle without a horizontal return. The adapter panel substantially conforming to a portion of a vehicle. The adapter panel solidly mounted to the underside of a vehicle, forming a surface upon which accessories can be mounted, or, alternatively having a lower surface having a reduced surface area in order to limit force applied to the panel and the vehicle. The panel further having an edge portion disposed along a perimeter, between the upper and lower surface, optionally securing the panel to the vehicle and deflecting obstacles, and one or more mounting points for removably attaching the protection panel to a portion of the exterior of a vehicle.

An adapter panel for establishing a horizontal return and optional mount for accessories to a vehicle without a horizontal return. The adapter panel substantially conforming to a portion of a vehicle. The adapter panel solidly mounted to the underside of a vehicle, forming a surface upon which accessories can be mounted, or, alternatively having a lower surface having a reduced surface area in order to limit force applied to the panel and the vehicle. The panel further having an edge portion disposed along a perimeter, between the upper and lower surface, optionally securing the panel to the vehicle and deflecting obstacles, and one or more mounting points for removably attaching the protection panel to a portion of the exterior of a vehicle.

A vehicle includes a body with an underbody portion having an outer periphery. At least one traction wheel is rotatably coupled to the body. The traction wheel has a track width defined by an inboard plane and an outboard plane. A movable panel with an inboard edge and an outboard edge is coupled to the underbody portion. An actuator is coupled to the movable panel and configured to actuate the movable panel between a stowed position and a deployed position. In the deployed position the outboard edge projects outboard of the outboard plane of the track width, and in the stowed position the outboard edge is retracted within the outer periphery of the underbody portion. A controller is configured to, in response to an operating condition being satisfied during a drive cycle, control the actuator to actuate the movable panel from the stowed position to the deployed position.

A vehicle includes a body with an underbody portion having an outer periphery. At least one traction wheel is rotatably coupled to the body. The traction wheel has a track width defined by an inboard plane and an outboard plane. A movable panel with an inboard edge and an outboard edge is coupled to the underbody portion. An actuator is coupled to the movable panel and configured to actuate the movable panel between a stowed position and a deployed position. In the deployed position the outboard edge projects outboard of the outboard plane of the track width, and in the stowed position the outboard edge is retracted within the outer periphery of the underbody portion. A controller is configured to, in response to an operating condition being satisfied during a drive cycle, control the actuator to actuate the movable panel from the stowed position to the deployed position.

A modular chassis is provided for an off-road vehicle to improve assembly, servicing, and repairing of a drivetrain of the off-road vehicle. The modular chassis includes a chassis to support components of the off-road vehicle. A front frame module couples with a front of the chassis, and a rear frame module couples with a rear of the chassis. The front frame module supports lower suspension arms of the off-road vehicle by way of inboard bushing joints. The front frame module supports at least a steering gear and a front differential of the off-road vehicle. The rear frame module is a tube-frame structure that supports components of the off-road vehicle. A lower portion of the rear frame module extends rearward and acutely upward to a top frame member that couples with upper side portions of the chassis. Several cross-members impart structural integrity to the rear frame module.

A modular chassis is provided for an off-road vehicle to improve assembly, servicing, and repairing of a drivetrain of the off-road vehicle. The modular chassis includes a chassis to support components of the off-road vehicle. A front frame module couples with a front of the chassis, and a rear frame module couples with a rear of the chassis. The front frame module supports lower suspension arms of the off-road vehicle by way of inboard bushing joints. The front frame module supports at least a steering gear and a front differential of the off-road vehicle. The rear frame module is a tube-frame structure that supports components of the off-road vehicle. A lower portion of the rear frame module extends rearward and acutely upward to a top frame member that couples with upper side portions of the chassis. Several cross-members impart structural integrity to the rear frame module.

A universal axle-hub assembly is provided for an off-road vehicle. The universal axle-hub assembly comprises a wheel hub that receives a constant velocity (CV) axle snout into an opening extending through an axle support of the wheel hub. An outboard-most portion of the opening is a splined portion that engages with similar splines disposed on an outboard-most portion of the CV axle snout. An inboard-most portion of the opening is a smooth portion that receives a smooth portion of the CV axle snout. The axle support extends through an entirety of the width of a bearing that supports the wheel hub, such that the bearing supports the smooth portion of the CV axle snout and substantially eliminates shear forces acting on the splined portion of the CV axle snout. A bearing carrier supports the bearing and may be fastened onto a trailing arm or a spindle of the off-road vehicle.

A universal axle-hub assembly is provided for an off-road vehicle. The universal axle-hub assembly comprises a wheel hub that receives a constant velocity (CV) axle snout into an opening extending through an axle support of the wheel hub. An outboard-most portion of the opening is a splined portion that engages with similar splines disposed on an outboard-most portion of the CV axle snout. An inboard-most portion of the opening is a smooth portion that receives a smooth portion of the CV axle snout. The axle support extends through an entirety of the width of a bearing that supports the wheel hub, such that the bearing supports the smooth portion of the CV axle snout and substantially eliminates shear forces acting on the splined portion of the CV axle snout. A bearing carrier supports the bearing and may be fastened onto a trailing arm or a spindle of the off-road vehicle.

A low suspension arm strut coupling is provided for a suspension of an off-road vehicle. The suspension comprises a lower suspension arm that is hingedly coupled between a chassis of the off-road vehicle and a spindle assembly that is coupled with a front wheel. An upper suspension arm is hingedly coupled between the chassis and the spindle assembly. A strut is coupled between the lower suspension arm and the chassis. A lower pivot couples the strut to the lower suspension, and an upper pivot couples the strut to the chassis. The upper and lower pivots provide a lower center of gravity of the off-road vehicle and a relatively smaller shock angle. The lower suspension arm is reinforced to withstand forces due to movement of the front wheel and operation of the strut in response to travel over terrain.

A device configured to couple to a wheel assembly of a mobile device is provided. The device includes a first side portion configured to couple to a first lateral side of the wheel assembly. The device also includes a second side portion configured to couple to a second lateral side of the wheel assembly opposite the first lateral side, wherein the first and second side portions are compliant mechanisms configured to both move a movable obstacle out of a path of the mobile device and to retract in response to a force exerted on the first and second side portions by a fixed obstacle disposed along the path.