An under-protector fastening structure includes a bumper assembly coupled to a chassis frame, wherein the bumper assembly includes a bumper inner member and a bumper cover coupled to an outer side of the bumper inner member, and an under-protector coupled to the bumper inner member of the bumper assembly in a direction vertical to a length direction of a vehicle body, wherein the under-protector includes an under-protector mounting assembly coupled to the bumper inner member and an under-protector panel coupled to the under-protector mounting assembly, and wherein the under-protector mounting assembly includes a pipe member extending in the direction vertical to the length direction of the vehicle body, a mounting bracket coupled to the pipe member and the bumper inner member, and an under-protector fixing bracket having a first side coupled to the mounting bracket and a second side coupled to the under-protector panel.

A low suspension arm strut coupling is provided for a suspension of an off-road vehicle. The suspension comprises a lower suspension arm that is hingedly coupled between a chassis of the off-road vehicle and a spindle assembly that is coupled with a front wheel. An upper suspension arm is hingedly coupled between the chassis and the spindle assembly. A strut is coupled between the lower suspension arm and the chassis. A lower pivot couples the strut to the lower suspension, and an upper pivot couples the strut to the chassis. The upper and lower pivots provide a lower center of gravity of the off-road vehicle and a relatively smaller shock angle. The lower suspension arm is reinforced to withstand forces due to movement of the front wheel and operation of the strut in response to travel over terrain.

A low suspension arm strut coupling is provided for a suspension of an off-road vehicle. The suspension comprises a lower suspension arm that is hingedly coupled between a chassis of the off-road vehicle and a spindle assembly that is coupled with a front wheel. An upper suspension arm is hingedly coupled between the chassis and the spindle assembly. A strut is coupled between the lower suspension arm and the chassis. A lower pivot couples the strut to the lower suspension, and an upper pivot couples the strut to the chassis. The upper and lower pivots provide a lower center of gravity of the off-road vehicle and a relatively smaller shock angle. The lower suspension arm is reinforced to withstand forces due to movement of the front wheel and operation of the strut in response to travel over terrain.

A universal axle-hub assembly is provided for an off-road vehicle. The universal axle-hub assembly comprises a wheel hub that receives a constant velocity (CV) axle snout into an opening extending through an axle support of the wheel hub. An outboard-most portion of the opening is a splined portion that engages with similar splines disposed on an outboard-most portion of the CV axle snout. An inboard-most portion of the opening is a smooth portion that receives a smooth portion of the CV axle snout. The axle support extends through an entirety of the width of a bearing that supports the wheel hub, such that the bearing supports the smooth portion of the CV axle snout and substantially eliminates shear forces acting on the splined portion of the CV axle snout. A bearing carrier supports the bearing and may be fastened onto a trailing arm or a spindle of the off-road vehicle.

A universal axle-hub assembly is provided for an off-road vehicle. The universal axle-hub assembly comprises a wheel hub that receives a constant velocity (CV) axle snout into an opening extending through an axle support of the wheel hub. An outboard-most portion of the opening is a splined portion that engages with similar splines disposed on an outboard-most portion of the CV axle snout. An inboard-most portion of the opening is a smooth portion that receives a smooth portion of the CV axle snout. The axle support extends through an entirety of the width of a bearing that supports the wheel hub, such that the bearing supports the smooth portion of the CV axle snout and substantially eliminates shear forces acting on the splined portion of the CV axle snout. A bearing carrier supports the bearing and may be fastened onto a trailing arm or a spindle of the off-road vehicle.

A side underride guard assembly for a trailer has a plurality of support subassemblies coupled to first and second longitudinal main beams of the trailer. Each support subassembly has at least one cross member having a first end adjacent a first longitudinal side edge of the trailer and an opposite second end adjacent an opposite second longitudinal side edge of the trailer. Each support subassembly also has at least one vertically oriented plate coupled to the at least one cross member. A first longitudinal guard member is coupled to the first end of each of the cross members of the plurality of support subassemblies. A second longitudinal guard member is coupled to the second end of each of the cross members. The first and second longitudinal guard members are located below the first and second longitudinal side edges of the trailer, respectively, to prevent or inhibit side underride.

A side underride guard assembly for a trailer has a plurality of support subassemblies coupled to first and second longitudinal main beams of the trailer. Each support subassembly has at least one cross member having a first end adjacent a first longitudinal side edge of the trailer and an opposite second end adjacent an opposite second longitudinal side edge of the trailer. Each support subassembly also has at least one vertically oriented plate coupled to the at least one cross member. A first longitudinal guard member is coupled to the first end of each of the cross members of the plurality of support subassemblies. A second longitudinal guard member is coupled to the second end of each of the cross members. The first and second longitudinal guard members are located below the first and second longitudinal side edges of the trailer, respectively, to prevent or inhibit side underride.

A bumper assembly for a material handling vehicle is provided. The material handling vehicle includes a vehicle frame. The bumper assembly includes a first bumper coupled to a first side of the vehicle frame and having a first slot extending along a portion of the first bumper and a first protruding portion. The first protruding portion extends outwardly at an angle past a plane defined by the first side of the vehicle frame. The bumper assembly further includes a second bumper coupled to a second side of the vehicle frame opposite to the first side and having a second slot extending along a portion of the second bumper and a second protruding portion. The second protruding portion extends outwardly at an angle past a plane defined by the second side of the vehicle frame.

A bumper assembly for a material handling vehicle is provided. The material handling vehicle includes a vehicle frame. The bumper assembly includes a first bumper coupled to a first side of the vehicle frame and having a first slot extending along a portion of the first bumper and a first protruding portion. The first protruding portion extends outwardly at an angle past a plane defined by the first side of the vehicle frame. The bumper assembly further includes a second bumper coupled to a second side of the vehicle frame opposite to the first side and having a second slot extending along a portion of the second bumper and a second protruding portion. The second protruding portion extends outwardly at an angle past a plane defined by the second side of the vehicle frame.

A modular chassis is provided for an off-road vehicle to improve assembly, servicing, and repairing of a drivetrain of the off-road vehicle. The modular chassis includes a chassis to support components of the off-road vehicle. A front frame module couples with a front of the chassis, and a rear frame module couples with a rear of the chassis. The front frame module supports lower suspension arms of the off-road vehicle by way of inboard bushing joints. The front frame module supports at least a steering gear and a front differential of the off-road vehicle. The rear frame module is a tube-frame structure that supports components of the off-road vehicle. A lower portion of the rear frame module extends rearward and acutely upward to a top frame member that couples with upper side portions of the chassis. Several cross-members impart structural integrity to the rear frame module.