Includes electric motor (330) driving driving wheel (610) , speed control unit (300) controlling driving of electric motor (330) based on instructed speed ω.sub.r*, brake control unit (400) controlling hydraulic brake (500) applying mechanical braking to an electromotive vehicle, speed sensor (340) detecting traveling speed ω.sub.r of the electromotive vehicle, and determination unit (200) determining whether the mechanical braking needs to be applied in response to the difference between instructed speed ω.sub.r* and traveling speed ω.sub.r, and controlling operation of brake control unit (400) based on the determination result. Determination unit (200) determines that mechanical braking needs to be applied when instructed speed ω.sub.r* indicates deceleration and traveling speed ω.sub.r is higher than instructed speed ω.sub.r* , and performs control so that brake control unit (400) works hydraulic brake (500) .

A lane keeping control method for a vehicle may include determining, by a controller, whether a wheel speed difference exists between predetermined wheels, during braking while the vehicle travels straight, determining, by the controller, a reference wheel and a control wheel, based on the wheel speed difference between the predetermined wheels, and reducing, by the controller, a wheel speed difference between the reference wheel and the control wheel by performing pre-decompression control for the control wheel, when the wheel speed difference exists.

A lane keeping control method for a vehicle may include determining, by a controller, whether a wheel speed difference exists between predetermined wheels, during braking while the vehicle travels straight, determining, by the controller, a reference wheel and a control wheel, based on the wheel speed difference between the predetermined wheels, and reducing, by the controller, a wheel speed difference between the reference wheel and the control wheel by performing pre-decompression control for the control wheel, when the wheel speed difference exists.

A parking brake apparatus is provided for a vehicle including a vehicle drive train that extends between a vehicle propulsion engine and a vehicle wheel. The parking brake apparatus comprises a wheel drum located away from the vehicle wheel and fixedly attached to a drivetrain shaft that extends along a portion of the vehicle drive train between the vehicle propulsion engine and the vehicle wheel. The parking brake apparatus also comprises activatable drum brake components disposed in an interior chamber of the wheel drum. When activated, the drum brake components apply a clamping force to the wheel drum to prevent the wheel drum and the drivetrain shaft fixedly attached thereto from rotating and thereby preventing the vehicle wheel from rotating to provide the vehicle with a parking brake functionality.

A parking brake apparatus is provided for a vehicle including a vehicle drive train that extends between a vehicle propulsion engine and a vehicle wheel. The parking brake apparatus comprises a wheel drum located away from the vehicle wheel and fixedly attached to a drivetrain shaft that extends along a portion of the vehicle drive train between the vehicle propulsion engine and the vehicle wheel. The parking brake apparatus also comprises activatable drum brake components disposed in an interior chamber of the wheel drum. When activated, the drum brake components apply a clamping force to the wheel drum to prevent the wheel drum and the drivetrain shaft fixedly attached thereto from rotating and thereby preventing the vehicle wheel from rotating to provide the vehicle with a parking brake functionality.

A method is provided for operating a vehicle, in particular a watercraft, with at least one combustion engine that emits pollutants contained in an exhaust gas or wastewater. The current position of the vehicle is determined by a location determination. A closed-loop and/or open-loop control device is provided which sets or adjusts the quantity of at least one pollutant emitted by the combustion engine in a self-acting manner or automatically, in accordance with the determined position of the vehicle and with information on local pollutant regulations, in particular exhaust and/or water regulations.

The present embodiment relates to a vehicle control apparatus or a rear-end collision avoidance apparatus, and may optimally set a reactivation condition for performing reactivation of a rear emergency braking function based on whether an engine operates after the rear emergency braking function is deactivated by a driver's braking input in an operation such as backward parking or the like, a vehicle speed and vehicle traveling distance after the rear emergency braking function is deactivated, a separation distance from an initial stoppage position to an obstacle after the rear emergency braking function is deactivated, and the like, thereby securing both convenience and safety of the driver.

The present embodiment relates to a vehicle control apparatus or a rear-end collision avoidance apparatus, and may optimally set a reactivation condition for performing reactivation of a rear emergency braking function based on whether an engine operates after the rear emergency braking function is deactivated by a driver's braking input in an operation such as backward parking or the like, a vehicle speed and vehicle traveling distance after the rear emergency braking function is deactivated, a separation distance from an initial stoppage position to an obstacle after the rear emergency braking function is deactivated, and the like, thereby securing both convenience and safety of the driver.

A drive assistance device (24) for a saddle type vehicle (1) includes a ride sensor (37) configured to detect a ride attitude of a rider, a vehicle body behavior generating part (25) configured to generate a behavior on a vehicle body by a prescribed output, and a controller (27) configured to control driving of the vehicle body behavior generating part (25), and wherein, when the vehicle body behavior generating part (25) is actuated regardless of the operation of the rider, the controller (27) firstly controls the vehicle body behavior generating part (25) such that a low output that is lower than a predetermined original target output is generated as a predictive action, and sets an output value after that according to a change of detection information of the ride sensor (37) generated by the low output.

A drive assistance device (24) for a saddle type vehicle (1) includes a ride sensor (37) configured to detect a ride attitude of a rider, a vehicle body behavior generating part (25) configured to generate a behavior on a vehicle body by a prescribed output, and a controller (27) configured to control driving of the vehicle body behavior generating part (25), and wherein, when the vehicle body behavior generating part (25) is actuated regardless of the operation of the rider, the controller (27) firstly controls the vehicle body behavior generating part (25) such that a low output that is lower than a predetermined original target output is generated as a predictive action, and sets an output value after that according to a change of detection information of the ride sensor (37) generated by the low output.