A current value of a state-of-motion from a second controller can be received by a first controller. The first controller determines a subset of a target value of the state-of-motion to be achieved by a subsystem and transmits a command to a third controller in communication with the subsystem to achieve the subset of the target value of the state-of-motion. The third controller commands the subsystem to approach the subset of the target value of the state-of-motion.

A current value of a state-of-motion from a second controller can be received by a first controller. The first controller determines a subset of a target value of the state-of-motion to be achieved by a subsystem and transmits a command to a third controller in communication with the subsystem to achieve the subset of the target value of the state-of-motion. The third controller commands the subsystem to approach the subset of the target value of the state-of-motion.

A method of determining a surface condition of a path of travel. A plurality of images is captured of a surface of the path of travel by an image capture device. The image capture device captures images at varying scales. A feature extraction technique is applied by a feature extraction module to each of the scaled images. A fusion technique is applied, by the processor, to the extracted features for identifying the surface condition of the path of travel. A road surface condition signal provide to a control device. The control device applies the road surface condition signal to mitigate the wet road surface condition.

A method of determining a surface condition of a path of travel. A plurality of images is captured of a surface of the path of travel by an image capture device. The image capture device captures images at varying scales. A feature extraction technique is applied by a feature extraction module to each of the scaled images. A fusion technique is applied, by the processor, to the extracted features for identifying the surface condition of the path of travel. A road surface condition signal provide to a control device. The control device applies the road surface condition signal to mitigate the wet road surface condition.

A method for controlling fuel injection of a combustion engine and a corresponding system includes providing at least a first predetermined air-fuel mixture map and determining a first air-fuel ratio based on at least one engine operating parameter and the at least first predetermined air-fuel mixture map; determining a second air-fuel ratio that is offset with a first constant value from the first air-fuel ratio, determining if a first operating mode or a second operating mode is selected; controlling engine fuel injection according to the first air-fuel ratio when a currently requested fueling rate results in a smaller air-fuel ratio than the first air-fuel ratio and the first operating mode is selected; or alternatively controlling engine fuel injection according to the second air-fuel ratio when a currently requested fueling rate results in a smaller air-fuel ratio than the second air-fuel ratio and the second operating mode is selected.

A control device of an engine is provided. The engine is operated at a high compression ratio, a geometric compression ratio of the engine being 14:1 or higher. The control device includes a fuel injection controller for controlling a fuel injector of the engine to start a fuel injection in a latter half of a compression stroke within an engine operating range where an engine speed is below a predetermined value and an engine load is above a predetermined value, and an ignition controller for controlling an ignition plug of the engine to retard an ignition timing when a timing for the fuel injection controller to start the fuel injection is on a retarding side of a predetermined timing, the ignition timing being retarded based on a retarding amount of the fuel injection start timing from the predetermined timing.

A brake system for a motor vehicle comprises a first brake set and second brake set. A first hydraulic brake circuit is connected to the first brake set and a second hydraulic brake circuit is connected to the second brake set. Further, a first control module is coupled to the first hydraulic brake circuit and the second hydraulic brake circuit. The first control module is configured to control fluid pressure within both the first hydraulic brake circuit and the second hydraulic brake circuit. A second control module is also coupled to the first hydraulic brake circuit and the second hydraulic brake circuit. The second control module is configured to control fluid pressure within both the first hydraulic brake circuit and the second hydraulic brake circuit independent of the first control module. The first control module is disposed in series with the second control module in the first and the second hydraulic brake circuits. Additionally, a virtual driver sends a deceleration request to the first control module and the second control module. The first control module and the second control module determine a desired pressure based upon the deceleration request. The first brake control module controls fluid pressure within both the first and the second hydraulic brake circuits to perform the deceleration request. The second control module monitors pressure downstream from the first control module and compares the monitored pressure to the desired pressure.

A brake system for a motor vehicle comprises a first brake set and second brake set. A first hydraulic brake circuit is connected to the first brake set and a second hydraulic brake circuit is connected to the second brake set. Further, a first control module is coupled to the first hydraulic brake circuit and the second hydraulic brake circuit. The first control module is configured to control fluid pressure within both the first hydraulic brake circuit and the second hydraulic brake circuit. A second control module is also coupled to the first hydraulic brake circuit and the second hydraulic brake circuit. The second control module is configured to control fluid pressure within both the first hydraulic brake circuit and the second hydraulic brake circuit independent of the first control module. The first control module is disposed in series with the second control module in the first and the second hydraulic brake circuits. Additionally, a virtual driver sends a deceleration request to the first control module and the second control module. The first control module and the second control module determine a desired pressure based upon the deceleration request. The first brake control module controls fluid pressure within both the first and the second hydraulic brake circuits to perform the deceleration request. The second control module monitors pressure downstream from the first control module and compares the monitored pressure to the desired pressure.

A speed limited wheel includes a wheel main body defining a cavity, a urethane wheel outer overmolded to the cavity, a brake hub and a plurality of brake elements. The brake hub is disposed in the cavity and includes a cylindrical flange. The wheel main body is rotatable relative to the brake hub about a wheel rotational axis. The plurality of brake elements is disposed in the cavity and is circumferentially surrounded by the cylindrical flange of the brake hub. Each brake element is pivotally mounted to the wheel main body for pivoting between a first position spaced apart from a cylindrical flange of the brake hub and a second position engaging the cylindrical flange of the brake hub for generating friction to reduce a rotational speed of the wheel. The speed limited wheel may be a caster.

A speed limited wheel includes a wheel main body defining a cavity, a urethane wheel outer overmolded to the cavity, a brake hub and a plurality of brake elements. The brake hub is disposed in the cavity and includes a cylindrical flange. The wheel main body is rotatable relative to the brake hub about a wheel rotational axis. The plurality of brake elements is disposed in the cavity and is circumferentially surrounded by the cylindrical flange of the brake hub. Each brake element is pivotally mounted to the wheel main body for pivoting between a first position spaced apart from a cylindrical flange of the brake hub and a second position engaging the cylindrical flange of the brake hub for generating friction to reduce a rotational speed of the wheel. The speed limited wheel may be a caster.