A vehicle reverse traveling speed limiting apparatus includes a fluid pressure detector, a brake driver, a limiting speed setter, and a reverse traveling speed controller. The fluid pressure detector detects a brake fluid pressure. The brake driver causes a main brake to perform braking based on a set instruction fluid pressure. The limiting speed setter sets a limiting speed upon reverse traveling. The reverse traveling speed controller executes torque and brake controls to allow an actual vehicle speed of a vehicle to be maintained at the limiting speed. When the actual vehicle speed is higher than the limiting speed, the reverse traveling speed controller sets the instruction fluid pressure to allow the actual vehicle speed to be converged to the limiting speed, and executes, even when the brake fluid pressure is higher than the instruction fluid pressure, the brake control to allow the instruction fluid pressure to be maintained.

Methods and systems to assist maneuvering of a trailer being towed by a vehicle. The trailer includes a left wheel, a right wheel, an axle, a left brake device coupled to the left wheel, and a right brake device coupled to the right wheel. The methods and systems receive a driver command for a target path for the trailer, determine a left braking torque for the left wheel and a right braking torque for the right wheel based on the target path so as to provide for differential braking, and apply, via the left brake device and the right brake device, the left braking torque and the right braking torque to assist maneuvering of the trailer along the target path.

Adaptive brake assist system a cyclist on a bicycle by an aptic feedback, includes a first sensor (for measuring the angular speed (ω.sub.1) of a first wheel of the bicycle, adapted to generate a signal representative of the angular speed of the first wheel; an actuator mountable to a portion of the bicycle, adapted to generate vibrations; a control module configured to generate a command signal of the actuator, so that the actuator vibrates at a vibration frequency (f), based on at least the signal representative of the angular speed of the first wheel (ω.sub.1) and based on one or more reference magnitudes (η.sub.ref); and a learning module configured to determine, updating and delivering to the control module the one or more reference magnitudes (η.sub.ref) based on at least the signal representative of the angular speed (ω.sub.1) of the first wheel.

Systems and apparatuses include a service brake system structured to selectively provide pressurized hydraulic fluid to a left service brake and a right service brake, and selectively output pressure to a pilot port; a hydraulic trailer brake system including a solenoid actuated intelligent brake turn actuator selectively allowing or inhibiting a flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid to a trailer brake work port; and one or more processing circuits that determine a current vehicle speed based on the information received from a wheel speed sensor, compare the current vehicle speed to a brake turn threshold speed, and actuate the intelligent brake turn actuator to inhibit the flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the trailer brake work port when the current vehicle speed is less than the brake turn threshold speed.

A brake controller of a machine can be configured to determine brake power associated with braking operations, such as operations to slow the machine or maintain a speed of the machine. The brake controller can allocate the brake power among systems such as a battery system, a resistive grid, auxiliary systems, a mechanical brake system, and/or other systems, based on a defined priority order of the systems. For example, the brake controller can prioritize using a regenerative brake system to charge a battery system during a braking operation up to a currently-available capacity of the battery system, and allocating any remaining brake power to a lower-priority system. The mechanical brake system can be the lowest-priority system, such that use of the mechanical brake system can be avoided unless an amount of brake power exceeds capacities of higher-priority systems to consume the brake power.

A brake controller of a machine can be configured to determine brake power associated with braking operations, such as operations to slow the machine or maintain a speed of the machine. The brake controller can allocate the brake power among systems such as a battery system, a resistive grid, auxiliary systems, a mechanical brake system, and/or other systems, based on a defined priority order of the systems. For example, the brake controller can prioritize using a regenerative brake system to charge a battery system during a braking operation up to a currently-available capacity of the battery system, and allocating any remaining brake power to a lower-priority system. The mechanical brake system can be the lowest-priority system, such that use of the mechanical brake system can be avoided unless an amount of brake power exceeds capacities of higher-priority systems to consume the brake power.

An off-road vehicle has two front wheels and two rear wheels, the rear wheels being connected to a spool gear driven by a motor. The vehicle also has a left front brake, a right front brake and a single rear brake. Speeds of left and right front wheels are respectively monitored by left and right front speed sensors. A single sensor monitors a common speed of left and right rear wheels. Two user actuated braking input devices, for example a hand lever and a foot lever, may be used independently or concurrently to provide a braking command. An anti-lock braking system may use speed measurements from the various speed sensors to control selective application of pressure on the left front brake, the right front brake and the rear brake.

An off-road vehicle has two front wheels and two rear wheels, the rear wheels being connected to a spool gear driven by a motor. The vehicle also has a left front brake, a right front brake and a single rear brake. Speeds of left and right front wheels are respectively monitored by left and right front speed sensors. A single sensor monitors a common speed of left and right rear wheels. Two user actuated braking input devices, for example a hand lever and a foot lever, may be used independently or concurrently to provide a braking command. An anti-lock braking system may use speed measurements from the various speed sensors to control selective application of pressure on the left front brake, the right front brake and the rear brake.

Systems and methods are disclosed for predicting a hot spot. One method comprises receiving, by a hot spot prediction system, vehicle characteristics associated with a vehicle and traffic data. Then the hot spot prediction system determines a hot spot and an estimated arrival time at the hot spot based on the vehicle characteristics and the traffic data. Following the determination, an auto brake application system receives the hot spot and the estimated arrival time and determines a safe stop time based on the vehicle characteristics, the hot spot and the estimated arrival time. The auto brake application system then sends a notification to the vehicle based on determining that the vehicle can stop within the safe stop time, and performs an action in response to receiving a confirmation from the vehicle.

A tractor controller for controlling trailer brake applications comprises an input for receiving a signal indicative of a trailer brake application and control logic. The control logic receives a signal indicating a trailer brake application is requested, compares the trailer brake signal to a predetermined signal profile, applies the trailer service brakes in response to the trailer brake signal meeting the signal profile and compares a duration of the trailer brake signal to first predetermined time. A warning is provided in response to the duration of the trailer brake signal being greater than a first predetermined time and the control logic discontinues the trailer service brake application in response to duration of trailer brake signal being greater than the second predetermined time.