The present invention provides a method to consistently and continuously monitor an individual's ocular fundus via the acquisition of standardized fundus images longitudinally, especially for (but not limited to) individuals with diabetic retinopathy. Briefly, the key points of the present invention include: (a) using an aiming beam to target anatomic landmarks of the ocular fundus; (b) using normal anatomic landmarks as registration points; (c) providing a method of image acquisition to create standardized images.

A gonioscopic attachment can attach to a gonioscope and can include atraumatic retention elements that are configured to engage an eye to retain the gonioscope relative to the eye. The gonioscopic attachment can be configured to position the gonioscope so that at least a portion of the concave distal surface of the gonioscopic optical element is spaced apart from the eye, and/or so that the curvature of the distal surface is angularly offset from the curvature of the eye. The gonioscope can include a fixation point configured to be visible to the subject when the gonioscope is positioned on the eye. In some embodiments, the retention elements can be incorporated directly into the gonioscope. A coupling mechanism can couple the gonioscope to a lid speculum. The gonioscope can include a light pipe, which can be configured to directly light into the eye.

An instrument head is provided for attachment to a plurality of instrument handles having different power profiles. The instrument head contains an illumination assembly including at least one LED as well as a drive circuit for detecting a power profile of an attached instrument handle and converting variable voltages received from the attached instrument handle to a constant current for powering the at least one LED based on the power profile. Accordingly, the instrument head enables use with a plurality of instrument handles, including those originally configured for use only with incandescent light sources.

Embodiments of the invention include a method to determine a binocular alignment, the method comprising: measuring a disassociated phoria of a first eye and a second eye of a patient at an apparent distance; and determining an accommodative convergence of the first eye and the second eye at the apparent distance using the measured disassociated phoria. In other embodiments, a system to determine a binocular alignment comprises a stereo display, for a projection of images for a first eye and a second eye; an accommodation optics, to modify the projection of the images according to an apparent distance; an eye tracker, to track an orientation of the first eye and the second eye; and a computer, coupled to the stereo display, the accommodation optics and the eye tracker, to manage a determination of the binocular alignment.

An ophthalmic apparatus according to an embodiment includes a fixation system, a data acquisition device, analyzing circuitry, and controlling circuitry. The fixation system projects fixation light onto a subject's eye. The data acquisition device acquires data by applying optical coherence tomography scanning to the subject's eye onto which the fixation light is being projected. The analyzing circuitry analyzes the data to specify the position of a predetermined site of the subject's eye. The controlling circuitry controls at least one of the fixation system and the data acquisition device based on the positional relationship between the position of the predetermined site specified by the analyzing circuitry and a scan area by the data acquisition device.

A mobile communication device-based corneal topography system includes an illumination system, an imaging system, a topography processor, an image sensor, and a mobile communication device. The illumination system is configured to generate an illumination pattern reflected off a cornea of a subject. The imaging system is coupled to an image sensor to capture an image of the reflected illumination pattern. A topography processor is coupled to the image sensor to process the image of the reflected illumination pattern. The mobile communications device includes a display, the mobile communications device is operatively coupled to the image sensor. The mobile communications device includes a mobile communications device (MCD) processor. A housing at least partially encloses one or more of the illumination system, the imaging system, or the topography processor.

An apparatus for producing a fundus image includes: a processor and a memory; an illumination component including a light source; a camera; and a display, the memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to: display a target element on the display; display a light source reflection from a cornea of an eye on the display; update a position of the light source reflection on the display as a caregiver manipulates a position of the apparatus relative to the eye; as time elapses, modify the display to allow the light source reflection to more easily be positioned within the target element; and automatically initiate fundus image capture with the camera when the light source reflection is within the target element on the display.

The present disclosure provides improved techniques for imaging and/or measuring a subject's eye. Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a portable imaging and/or measuring apparatus comprising one or more imaging and/or measuring devices. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to an imaging and/or measuring device comprising an adjustable flexure having one or more lenses therein. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to an imaging and/or measuring device comprising an adjustable flexure configured to provide variable diopter compensation. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising imaging and/or measuring a person's eye using an adjustable flexure within an imaging and/or measuring device, the adjustable flexure having one or more lenses therein. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising providing variable diopter compensation for imaging and/or measuring a person's eye using an adjustable flexure.

The present disclosure provides improved techniques for imaging and/or measuring a subject's eye. Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to an imaging and/or measuring apparatus. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to an imaging and/or measuring apparatus comprising a lens at least capable of providing a 30 degree field of view of a subject's eye. Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to an imaging and/or measuring apparatus comprising a plurality of imaging and/or measuring optical components configured to: when a first objective lens is positioned between the plurality of imaging and/or measuring optical components and a subject's eye, transmit and/or receive light having a first set of optical characteristics; and when a second objective lens is positioned between the plurality of imaging and/or measuring optical components and the subject's eye, transmit and/or receive light a second set of optical characteristics.

A visual sense examination device includes: a beam source that emits a visible beam and an invisible beam; a visible beam optical system that includes a first scanner scanning the visible beam; an invisible beam optical system that includes a second scanner scanning the invisible beam; a detector that detects the invisible beam reflected by a retina of a subject; a controller that performs a first control; a synthesizer that synthesizes the visible beam scanned by the first scanner and the invisible beam scanned by the second scanner; and wherein scanning angles of the visible beam by the first scanner and the invisible beam by the second scanner are substantially the same, and projectable ranges of the visible beam scanned by the first scanner and the invisible light scanned by the second scanner are substantially the same on the retina of the subject.