A towable crash-attenuating vehicle is shown having a frame; at least two axles coupled to the frame, each of the axles having wheels attached thereto; a T-shaped ballast coupled to the frame, and oriented such that the weight of the ballast is biased toward the front end of the frame; deflection shields coupled to the right and left sides of the frame, wherein the deflection shields cover the frame and a majority of the wheels on each side of the vehicle; a tow connection coupled to the front of the frame, pivotable from a deployed state to an undeployed state; an impact attenuator coupled to the rear of the frame; wherein the vehicle is provided with a brake system, and wherein said brake system may be locked and unlocked and wherein the vehicle is provided with an on-board mechanism for locking and unlocking the brake system.

A brake system for a motor vehicle with at least four hydraulically activated wheel brakes, including for each of the wheel brakes an electrically activated first wheel valve which is designed to be open when de-energized and an electrically activated second wheel valve which is designed to be closed when de-energized, a first electrically activated pressure source, which is connected to the first wheel valves via a first brake supply line, a second electrically activated pressure source, and a pressure medium reservoir vessel which is, in particular, at atmospheric pressure, wherein the second electrically activated pressure source is connected to the second wheel valves via a second brake supply line, and a method for operating said brake system.

A brake system for a motor vehicle with at least four hydraulically activated wheel brakes, including for each of the wheel brakes an electrically activated first wheel valve which is designed to be open when de-energized and an electrically activated second wheel valve which is designed to be closed when de-energized, a first electrically activated pressure source, which is connected to the first wheel valves via a first brake supply line, a second electrically activated pressure source, and a pressure medium reservoir vessel which is, in particular, at atmospheric pressure, wherein the second electrically activated pressure source is connected to the second wheel valves via a second brake supply line, and a method for operating said brake system.

An electrical motor vehicle vacuum pump arrangement includes a housing assembly which includes an inlet opening arrangement having an inlet opening, an outlet opening arrangement having an outlet opening and an outlet channel, a pump unit having a pump rotor housing with an inlet-side end wall, an outlet side end wall, and a pump rotor housing part arranged therebetween, a drive motor having a motor rotor and a motor stator, sound absorption elements, and a sealing connected to the pump rotor chamber and directed towards the outlet opening. The outlet opening arrangement is connected to one of the sound absorption elements. The outlet channel of the outlet opening arrangement is closed relative to the drive motor and the pump unit. The outlet channel of the outlet opening arrangement, when viewed in a direction of the outlet opening, comprises at least one abrupt change in cross-section.

An electrical motor vehicle vacuum pump arrangement includes a housing assembly which includes an inlet opening arrangement having an inlet opening, an outlet opening arrangement having an outlet opening and an outlet channel, a pump unit having a pump rotor housing with an inlet-side end wall, an outlet side end wall, and a pump rotor housing part arranged therebetween, a drive motor having a motor rotor and a motor stator, sound absorption elements, and a sealing connected to the pump rotor chamber and directed towards the outlet opening. The outlet opening arrangement is connected to one of the sound absorption elements. The outlet channel of the outlet opening arrangement is closed relative to the drive motor and the pump unit. The outlet channel of the outlet opening arrangement, when viewed in a direction of the outlet opening, comprises at least one abrupt change in cross-section.

An air dryer control method may include a cold mode in which a controller performs a winter season condition control in which air temperature is lowered to freezing temperature if an engine starting is detected, and performs a winter season thawing control in which compressed air introduced into a valve control of an air dryer warms a purge valve of the air dryer.

An air dryer control method may include a cold mode in which a controller performs a winter season condition control in which air temperature is lowered to freezing temperature if an engine starting is detected, and performs a winter season thawing control in which compressed air introduced into a valve control of an air dryer warms a purge valve of the air dryer.

A hydraulic system of a vehicle includes a first pump for supplying at least one first hydraulic circuit and at least one second pump for supplying at least one second hydraulic circuit with hydraulic medium. The second pump supplies the first hydraulic circuit with hydraulic medium in an emergency mode or when an output pressure of the first pump fails.

Single expander device working with two working media in a two-stage organic Rankine cycle, which has a cylinder body, a rotor disposed inside the cylinder body and provided with a number of slip sheets in a radial direction of the cylinder body, and a rotary shaft fixedly connected to the center of the rotor, with the outer profile of the cylinder body defined by two mathematical equations.

A vehicle braking device includes: a brake fluid pressure generation device arranged in a storage chamber separated from a vehicle cabin; and a brake operation part mechanically connected to the brake fluid pressure generation device, the brake operation part being not provided in the vehicle cabin. The brake fluid pressure generation device includes a cylinder and pistons configured to slide inside the cylinder. The brake fluid pressure generation device is configured to generate brake fluid pressure in accordance with strokes of the pistons. The brake fluid pressure generation device is arranged such that a sliding direction of the pistons is along a direction different from the vehicle front-rear direction in a plan view.