A brake control system has an electronic control unit such that, when the motor vehicle is at a standstill, an automatic parking brake function can be activated by the control unit. In the presence of an activation condition for the parking brake function, the brake pressure required for this purpose can be determined at least in a manner dependent on the longitudinal inclination and in a manner dependent on an estimated normal force distribution of all of the wheels and/or an estimated capability of all of the wheels to transmit braking and/or drive torque to the underlying surface. Here, the brake pressure can be predefined to be higher the more wheels have a reduced normal force.

A vehicle braking system includes: a master cylinder; a slave cylinder communicated with the master cylinder; a vehicle behavior stabilizer communicated with the slave cylinder; first and second master cut valves, each being a normally closed valve for opening and closing a fluid flow path between the master cylinder and the slave cylinder, for making hydraulic pressures in the slave cylinder and the vehicle behavior stabilizer work in a valve closing direction; a pressure sensor for detecting the hydraulic pressure in the vehicle behavior stabilizer; and a piston controller for advancing first and second slave pistons in the slave cylinder when the hydraulic pressure on the vehicle behavior stabilizer side, detected by the pressure sensor, exceeds a predetermined value, and returning the pistons at a predetermined timing.

A drive assistance device includes an automatic brake unit configured to perform automatic brake control, a brake hold unit configured to perform a brake hold control keeping the vehicle stopped, a brake hold cancel unit configured to cancel the brake hold control when it is determined that a predetermined cancel condition is satisfied, a surroundings information obtaining unit configured to obtain surroundings information indicating a situation around the vehicle, a maneuver information obtaining unit configured to obtain maneuver information about a driving maneuver performed by a driver of the vehicle, a maneuver determination unit configured to determine, based on the surroundings information and the maneuver information whether the driving maneuver performed during the brake hold control is appropriate for the situation around the vehicle, and a prohibition unit configured to prohibit cancelling the brake hold control as long as it is determined that the driving maneuver is inappropriate.

A parking brake fail safety control system and method for a vehicle having an electric-axle, may enable safe parking braking on a level ground, a slope, etc. By controlling the torque from a first motor configured for a rear wheel-first electric-axle and the torque from a second motor configured for a rear wheel-second electric-axle to have the same magnitude in opposite directions and by increasing/decreasing the torque from the first motor and the torque from the second motor, depending on a change of wheel speed when a parking brake fails.

This instrument for surgical treatment, in particular for tenolysis, tenotomy or neurolysis, comprises a main body and a distal part. The distal part has a curved portion forming a hook and is provided with a cutting blade on the inner side of the hook. The main body has a longitudinal lumen for passage of fluid from a proximal end to a distal end of the main body, as well as an elbow with concavity facing the same side as the hook such that the main body has, in the vicinity of its distal end, an injection channel which is in fluidic connection with the lumen via an over-pressure chamber.

A vehicle control device is mounted on a vehicle including a driving actuator configured to apply a driving force and a braking actuator configured to apply a braking force. The vehicle control device includes a processor. The processor is configured to correct, when a predetermined condition including at least that the vehicle is decelerating is satisfied, the required driving force and the required braking force so as to increase the required driving force and the required braking force such that a sum of a magnitude of the required driving force and a magnitude of the required braking force is equal to or larger than a magnitude of the component of the gravity acting on the vehicle in the movement direction of the vehicle.

A brake control device includes a control unit configured to calculate a target current value, which is a target current value to the motor, based on master cylinder hydraulic pressure, and reduce an energization level to the motor when an actual current value, which is an actual current value to the motor, reaches the target current value, set a hydraulic pressure threshold value, which is a threshold value of the master cylinder hydraulic pressure corresponding to a braking force necessary for the vehicle to stop based on an inclination angle of a road on which the vehicle is stopped, and calculate a time change amount of the master cylinder hydraulic pressure, and in a case where the time change amount exceeds a predetermined change amount, increase an energization level to the motor when the master cylinder hydraulic pressure subsequently becomes less than or equal to the hydraulic pressure threshold value.

A vehicle includes a controller and an operating unit. The controller controls an automatic vehicle hold (AVH) system maintaining the brake of the vehicle even after an operation of the brake pedal is canceled, and an idling stop system (ISS) stopping idling of an internal combustion engine. The operating unit switches the AVH and ISS between an enabled state and a disabled state in response to an occupant's operation. When the vehicle comes to a stop, the controller activates the AVH in a case where the operation of the brake pedal satisfies a first operation condition, and activates the ISS in a case where the operation of the brake pedal satisfies a second operation condition. The controller changes at least one of the first operation condition or the second operation condition when the AVH and the ISS are both switched to the enabled state by the operating unit.

A braking control device includes a stop holding controller and an uneven-ground traveling determination unit. After the vehicle makes a stop and a brake operation performed by a driver who drives the vehicle is canceled, the stop holding controller is configured to perform execution of a stop holding control that includes holding braking force of the vehicle and canceling the braking force in response to a predetermined start operation performed by the driver. The uneven-ground traveling determination unit is configured to determine whether the vehicle is traveling on an uneven ground. The stop holding controller is configured to disable the execution of the stop holding control in a case where the uneven-ground traveling determination unit determines that the vehicle is traveling on the uneven ground.

Land vehicles are disclosed. A land vehicle includes a frame structure, a plurality of wheels supported by the frame structure, and a body supported by the frame structure. The frame structure includes an operator cage that at least partially defines an operator cabin and a rear compartment positioned rearward of the operator cage in a longitudinal direction. The body includes a first sidewall arranged on one side of the vehicle and a second sidewall arranged on another side of the vehicle opposite the first sidewall.