The present disclosure provides a braking method of a vehicle, comprising: a control start determination operation of determining whether traction control system (TCS) control is needed; a required pressure calculation operation of calculating required pressures, which are required for wheel brakes to brake a vehicle, of wheels when it is determined that the TCS control is needed; a control mode determination operation of determining whether the TCS control is performed in a single wheel control mode or multi-wheel control mode; and a hydraulic pressure supply operation of supplying hydraulic pressure to a low-pressure wheel brake through valve control and supplying hydraulic pressure to a high-pressure wheel brake through pressure control in the multi-wheel control mode and supplying hydraulic pressure to any one wheel brake through the valve control in the single wheel control mode in order for the wheel brakes to reach the required pressures.

A brake system includes a piston configured to generate hydraulic pressure of brake fluid stored in a brake system, and an electronic control unit (ECU) configured to calculate hydraulic pressure to be generated in response to an amount of movement of the piston. The ECU estimates a current temperature of the brake fluid, calculates a maximum estimated hydraulic pressure of the piston based on the estimated current temperature, and determines a maximum hydraulic-pressure reference value for backward movement control of the piston based on the maximum estimated hydraulic pressure.

A system for measuring motion of a locomotive vehicle includes a speed sensor, a decelerometer and an onboard processing unit. The speed sensor is configured to measure wheel speed of the locomotive vehicle. The decelerometer includes a level-sensitive device configured to measure acceleration or deceleration of the locomotive vehicle as a function of a tilt from a level position. The onboard processing unit computes a current grade traversed by the locomotive vehicle prior to detection of a slip or slide condition based on a first measurement signal from the decelerometer. Upon detection of the slip or slide condition, the onboard processing unit obtains a second measurement signal from the decelerometer and filters out the current grade from the second measurement signal. The onboard processing unit determines an actual acceleration or deceleration of the locomotive vehicle during the slip or slide condition from the filtered second measurement signal from the decelerometer.

Processing to estimate a type of a road surface is executed repeatedly. In the m-th processing, a holding time of an estimation result obtained by the m-th processing is set based on gradient data just before the m-th processing. The holding time is set to a longer duration as an uplink gradient of the road surface indicated by the latest gradient data increases. In the (m+n)-th processing, it is determined whether or not a feature portion is recognized from an imaging data. If this determination result is negative, the holding time is compared with a UNDEF period during which it has been determined that no feature portion has been recognized backward from the (m+n)-th processing. If the holding time is longer than the UNDEF period, then the estimation result obtained in the (m+n)-th processing is assumed to be the same as that obtained in the m-th processing.

An example operation includes one or more of determining, by sensors on a transport, a slope of a road and a surface condition of the road and engaging one or more wheels of the transport, based on the slope, the surface condition, and a characteristic of the one or more wheels. Engaging includes braking to the one or more wheels at a different rate as the transport is moving on the road.

The present invention combines known brake control systems with a new runway condition monitoring unit that works in conjunction with an anti-skid/brake control unit to improve runway condition evaluation. The runway condition monitoring unit is installed on an airplane and receives data from the brake control unit, and processes that data through hardware and software to formulate a runway condition report of the airplane while landing on a runway. The invention may include additional sensors or interfaces that supplement the data received from the BCU. The runway condition monitoring unit contains a processor and interfaces that calculates and creates a runway condition report. The runway condition monitoring unit communicates the report by way of the avionics communication network on the airplane to devices that then send the runway condition report to consumers of the data; such as the flight deck, air traffic controllers, airport operators and airline operations.

A brake system for controlling the brake performance of a vehicle includes a brake, a control unit connected to one or more external condition sensors, and one or more brake performance sensors. The external condition sensors obtain parameters regarding conditions surrounding the vehicle, which are monitored by a driver assistance unit to estimate a probability value that the brakes should be applied to avoid a collision. The brake performance sensors obtain parameters regarding conditions of the brake. The control unit receives the obtained parameters from the external condition sensors and the estimated probability value and determines a surrounding threat level of the vehicle. The control unit receives the obtained parameters from the brake performance sensors and determines a brake performance level, and heats the at least one brake if the brake performance level is below a first level and the surrounding threat level is above a second level.

An emergency braking control method for a vehicle may include: controlling, by a controller, an ambient information detector to take an image of surroundings of the road on which a vehicle is traveling; controlling, by the controller, a camera recognition fail state detector to analyze the image taken by the ambient information detector, and to determine a severity level of a temporary camera recognition fail state; and controlling, by the controller, an operation of an emergency braking apparatus or setting a control strategy according to the severity level of the temporary camera recognition fail state.

A method for evaluating the firmness of the ground on which is running a vehicle equipped with at least one mounted assembly having a radial stiffness k.sub.radial comprising a tyre casing having a crown, two sidewalls and two beads, equipped with a sensor sensitive to the circumferential curvature and positioned in line with the crown, comprises the following steps: Estimating a value of the curvature ρ.sub.A of the tire casing corresponding to first steady-state conditions of the tire casing in contact with the ground; and Evaluating the relative firmness of the ground with respect to the radial stiffness k.sub.radial of the mounted assembly as being a function of the value of the curvature ρ.sub.A of the tire casing.

An aircraft includes a brake lever for receiving a pilot braking input as a lever travel of the brake lever, a braking wheel operatively coupled with the brake lever to brake the aircraft based on the lever travel, a brake actuator operatively coupled with the braking wheel to apply a braking force in response to a braking pressure provided to the brake actuator, and a brake pressure circuit. The brake pressure circuit is configured for: estimating a maximum braking pressure above which the braking wheel will skid with respect to a ground surface; scaling a lever gain of the brake lever to command the maximum braking pressure at a full travel of the brake lever such that a remaining brake lever travel indicates the amount of braking capability remaining for the aircraft; and braking the braking wheel based on the lever gain and the lever travel.