A method for determining actual aircraft ground speed may comprise receiving a reference ground speed value; receiving a wheel speed value of a nose wheel of an aircraft; comparing the wheel speed value of the nose wheel and the reference ground speed value; and/or determining the actual aircraft ground speed based on the reference ground speed value and the wheel speed value.

A vehicle includes an electric machine and a controller. The controller is programmed to responsive to a threshold difference, indicative of wheel slip, between average wheel speed and a vehicle speed that is based on a difference between wheel acceleration and measured vehicle acceleration, command a speed to the electric machine to reduce the wheel slip.

Aspects of the disclosure provide for generation of trajectories for a vehicle driving in an autonomous driving mode. For instance, information identifying a plurality of objects in the vehicle's environment and a confidence value for each of the objects is received. A set of constraints may be generated. That one or more processors are unable to solve for a trajectory given the set of constraints and an acceptable braking limit may be determined. A first constraint is identified as a constraint for which could not be solved and a first confidence value. That the vehicle should apply a maximum braking level is determined based on the identified first confidence value, a threshold, and the determination that the one or more processors are unable to solve for a trajectory. Based on the determination that the vehicle should apply the maximum braking level, the maximum braking level is applied.

A vehicle includes front suspension assemblies; rear suspension assemblies; a left driven wheel and a right driven wheel with first left and right brake assemblies; a left wheel and a right wheel with second left and right brake assemblies; an anti-lock braking system (ABS) module; a drive mode coupler connected between the transmission and the left and right wheels for changing between a 24 and a 44 drive configuration; and a drive mode switch for controlling the drive mode coupler, the ABS module selectively performing brake traction control of at least one wheel based on the position of the drive mode switch. A method for controlling traction of the vehicle includes sensing the drive mode switch position and when the drive mode changes from a 24 position to a 44 position, causing the ABS module to perform brake traction control on at least one wheel.

A deflection control apparatus is configured to perform a deflection control in which a subject vehicle is deflected by a braking force difference between left and right wheels. The vehicle control apparatus is provided with: a calculator configured, in the deflection control, (i) to calculate a target yaw rate so that the subject vehicle drives on a target track by the deflection control, and (ii) to calculate a target yaw moment by dividing the calculated target yaw rate by a coefficient based on a velocity of the subject vehicle; and a controller configured to control a braking force of each wheel so that the target yaw moment is applied to the subject vehicle.

A system and method for controlling wheel brakes on a trailer in a tractor-trailer are provided. Upon receiving a command to apply a trailer wheel brake, the system determines a speed of the tractor-trailer responsive to a speed signal generated by a vehicle speed sensor. The system also estimates a threshold speed based on a level of friction between the tractor-trailer and a road surface on which the tractor-trailer is travelling. The system then generates a control signal to control delivery of fluid pressure to the trailer wheel brake. The control signal causes delivery of a first fluid pressure to the trailer wheel brake when the speed meets a predetermined condition relative to the threshold speed and a second fluid pressure, less than the first fluid pressure, when the speed does not meet the predetermined condition.

An electric vehicle, and braking system and a method of operating the electric vehicle. The braking system includes a mechanical braking system, a regenerative braking system, and a controller. The controller is configured to calculate a total braking torque for operating the electric vehicle at a selected velocity during braking, determine an available regenerative braking torque via the regenerative braking system, calculate a mechanical brake torque for the mechanical braking system from the total braking torque and the available regenerative brake torque, and apply the mechanical brake torque at the mechanical braking system.

A system and method for managing braking in a degraded adhesion condition for a vehicle system including at least one vehicle comprising setting a target deceleration value, applying a non-degraded braking force via a braking system of the vehicle system, detecting a presence of a degraded adhesion condition between the vehicle system and a route along which the vehicle system moves. Responsive to the degraded adhesion condition not being detected, maintaining the application of the non-degraded braking force, or responsive to the degraded adhesion condition being detected, applying a degraded braking force, activating recovery means to control deceleration of the vehicle system, determining a compensation deceleration value, and applying at least one of the braking system or recovery means to control the deceleration of the vehicle system.

In a hybrid vehicle, brake force is divided between friction brakes and regenerative braking. When the friction brakes are wet, the delivered braking force may exceed the commanded braking force resulting in a poor transition from regenerative braking to friction braking. When wet friction brakes are detected, a controller allocates more of the total braking energy to friction brakes until a threshold quantity of energy has been dissipated in the friction brakes, thus drying the friction brakes over fewer braking events than otherwise.

A hydraulic circuit for an adaptive park braking system and method of operation thereof. The method of operating an adaptive park braking system includes providing a vehicle having a motor, a front axle system, a rear axle system, wherein the front axle system has one or more front axle braking systems and the rear axle system has one or more rear axle braking systems. Identifying when the vehicle is engaged in a digging operation. Disconnecting the front axle system or the rear axle system from driving engagement with the motor of the vehicle. Activating the one or more braking systems of the disconnect axle system to apply an amount of force to the disconnected axle system of the vehicle. Then applying an amount of torque with the motor to the axle system in driving engagement with the motor.