A powertrain system includes a control device configured, where an engine speed at the time of detection of an acceleration request with a high acceleration request index value is lower than a specific engine speed, to: set the specific engine speed as an initial target engine speed for an acceleration associated with the acceleration request; and in a first acceleration time period before reaching the initial target engine speed, control an internal combustion engine in accordance with a first target engine power based on the initial target engine speed and supply, to an electric motor, a battery power corresponding to a difference obtained by subtracting the first target engine power from a required vehicle power. The specific engine speed is a value predetermined as a lower limit value of an engine speed range in which engine sound of the internal combustion engine is heard inside the vehicle.

A powertrain system includes a control device configured, where an engine speed at the time of detection of an acceleration request with a high acceleration request index value is lower than a specific engine speed, to: set the specific engine speed as an initial target engine speed for an acceleration associated with the acceleration request; and in a first acceleration time period before reaching the initial target engine speed, control an internal combustion engine in accordance with a first target engine power based on the initial target engine speed and supply, to an electric motor, a battery power corresponding to a difference obtained by subtracting the first target engine power from a required vehicle power. The specific engine speed is a value predetermined as a lower limit value of an engine speed range in which engine sound of the internal combustion engine is heard inside the vehicle.

A vehicle output simulation system is applied to an electric vehicle including a motor and a power supply. The vehicle output simulation system includes a storage module, a control panel, a motor control module, a speaker device, and a host computer. The storage module stores a simulation setting including an acceleration curve characteristic datum and a sound effect. The control panel selects operations, and outputs a control command. The motor control module controls the motor and the power supply according to the acceleration curve characteristic datum. The speaker device outputs the sound effect corresponding to the control command.

A vehicle output simulation system is applied to an electric vehicle including a motor and a power supply. The vehicle output simulation system includes a storage module, a control panel, a motor control module, a speaker device, and a host computer. The storage module stores a simulation setting including an acceleration curve characteristic datum and a sound effect. The control panel selects operations, and outputs a control command. The motor control module controls the motor and the power supply according to the acceleration curve characteristic datum. The speaker device outputs the sound effect corresponding to the control command.

A low-floor electric bus includes a plurality of battery packs mounted under the floor of such that the floor inside the bus between a front axle and a rear axle of the bus is substantially flat. Each battery pack may include an enclosure and multiple battery modules positioned within the enclosure. And, each battery module may include a plurality of battery cells electrically connected together.

A low-floor electric bus includes a plurality of battery packs mounted under the floor of such that the floor inside the bus between a front axle and a rear axle of the bus is substantially flat. Each battery pack may include an enclosure and multiple battery modules positioned within the enclosure. And, each battery module may include a plurality of battery cells electrically connected together.

A catalyst warm-up control method for a hybrid vehicle supplies electric power to an electric motor by a battery, to charge the battery by a power generation engine, and to treat exhaust gas from the engine with a catalyst, the hybrid vehicle selecting a manner mode in which power generation using the engine is stopped. The catalyst warm-up control method performs catalyst warm-up control such that when the temperature of the catalyst becomes lower than a normal threshold temperature for activating the catalyst, the target rotation speed of the engine is controlled to a first warm-up required rotation speed at which the catalyst can be heated to a temperature that is higher than the normal threshold temperature. When the manner mode is selected, control is performed when temperature of the catalyst becomes lower than a manner mode threshold temperature that is equal to or less than the normal threshold temperature.

A catalyst warm-up control method for a hybrid vehicle supplies electric power to an electric motor by a battery, to charge the battery by a power generation engine, and to treat exhaust gas from the engine with a catalyst, the hybrid vehicle selecting a manner mode in which power generation using the engine is stopped. The catalyst warm-up control method performs catalyst warm-up control such that when the temperature of the catalyst becomes lower than a normal threshold temperature for activating the catalyst, the target rotation speed of the engine is controlled to a first warm-up required rotation speed at which the catalyst can be heated to a temperature that is higher than the normal threshold temperature. When the manner mode is selected, control is performed when temperature of the catalyst becomes lower than a manner mode threshold temperature that is equal to or less than the normal threshold temperature.

System and method for operating a transport refrigeration system including: a trailer system including a vehicle connected to a transport container; an electric generation device operably coupled to a wheel axle of the trailer system, the electric generation device configured to generate electrical power from the rotational energy of the wheel axle to charge an energy storage device when the electric generation device is activated; an energy management system providing power to the transportation refrigeration unit of the trailer system, the energy management system including an energy controller in communication with at least one of the electric generation device, the energy storage device, an electronic braking unit; an anti-lock braking system including the electronic braking unit in communication with the energy controller, wherein at least one of the electronic braking unit and the energy controller is configured to modify the operation of the electric generation device.

A computer includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to predict a user arrival time based on data of a user and a user origin location, deactivate a propulsion of the vehicle upon arriving at the user origin location, and deactivate one or more additional vehicle components based on the user arrival time.