A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack configured to react hydrogen and oxygen, a hydrogen supply passage for supplying hydrogen, a hydrogen circulation passage for returning anode waste gas discharged from an anode to the hydrogen supply passage, a hydrogen circulation pump, has an inlet and an outlet, and operates to circulate the anode waste gas, a waste gas discharge passage for discharging the anode waste gas, a first discharge valve, a gas-liquid separator, a water discharge passage, a second discharge valve configured to put the water discharge passage into an open or a close state, and a control unit to switch the first discharge valve and the second discharge valve into an open or a close state, and the control unit performs control to deviate a period when the first discharge valve is open and a period when the second discharge valve is open from each other.

An apparatus, including a vehicle computer located at a vehicle which is an electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle; battery recharging equipment which includes a plug-in recharging system, an electric road inductive charging system, or an electric road electrified contact charging system, and a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. The vehicle computer processes information and determines a battery charge level or a battery charge state for a battery of the vehicle, processes information to identify a battery recharging facility, and provides navigation instructions to the battery recharging facility. The RFID reader obtains information from a battery recharging system located at the battery recharging facility. The vehicle computer receives an activity report regarding the recharging of the battery by the battery recharging facility and displays information contained in the activity report. The activity report or information contained in the activity report is stored in a distributed ledger and blockchain technology system.

A system includes a computing device with memory configured to store instructions and a processor to execute the instructions for operations that include receiving data representing an electrical property of one or more energy storage modules from a sensor system electrically connected to a modular energy storage system determining an amount of remaining energy of the one or more energy storage modules of the modular energy storage system, and defining a control strategy for a vehicle propulsion system powered by the modular energy storage system based on the amount of remaining energy of the one or more energy storage modules of the modular energy storage system.

A motor driving control method for controlling a motor speed so that a speed measured value of a motor follows a speed command value is provided. The method includes driving the motor by repeating an on section where a torque is generated in the motor and an off section where a torque is not generated in the motor at a regular period, based on the speed command value, wherein the driving includes applying a phase voltage to only one of multiple phases of the motor in the on section by a pulse width modulation scheme.

A motor driving control method for controlling a motor speed so that a speed measured value of a motor follows a speed command value is provided. The method includes driving the motor by repeating an on section where a torque is generated in the motor and an off section where a torque is not generated in the motor at a regular period, based on the speed command value, wherein the driving includes applying a phase voltage to only one of multiple phases of the motor in the on section by a pulse width modulation scheme.

A control device for an electric vehicle equipped with a drive motor and a fuel cell includes a control output setter, a motor controller, and a fuel cell controller. The control output setter is configured to set a target value of an output of the drive motor based on a request command value. The motor controller is configured to control an output of the drive motor based on the target value using an electric power from a secondary battery as a power source. The fuel cell controller is configured to control the supply of a generated power by activating the fuel cell when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery decreases or an output of the secondary battery is insufficient. The control output setter decreases an allowable maximum value of the output of the drive motor when the remaining capacity can be decreased even after the fuel cell is activated.

An apparatus for power demand distribution in a fuel cell vehicle includes: a battery management system calculating an allowable battery power that a battery can supply; a power demand distribution controller configured to derive a vehicle demand power including a drive motor demand power required by the drive motor, and determine a value corresponding to a vehicle demand power minus the allowable battery power being scaled down or the drive motor demand power, as a fuel cell demand output; and a fuel cell controller configured to drive the air compressor feeding the air to the fuel cell to enable a fuel cell to generate the fuel cell demand output calculated by the power demand distribution controller.

A method for controlling an operation of a fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle is provided. The method includes detecting a state of charge (SOC) of a high voltage battery and determining whether the detected SOC of the high voltage battery is within or beyond a preset range from a minimum recommended SOC to a maximum recommended SOC. Power generation of the fuel cell is performed or stopped by comparing a required current of the vehicle with a preset current value required to enter a fuel-cell stop mode in which the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped and a preset current value required to release the fuel-cell stop mode.

A method for controlling an operation of a fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle is provided. The method includes detecting a state of charge (SOC) of a high voltage battery and determining whether the detected SOC of the high voltage battery is within or beyond a preset range from a minimum recommended SOC to a maximum recommended SOC. Power generation of the fuel cell is performed or stopped by comparing a required current of the vehicle with a preset current value required to enter a fuel-cell stop mode in which the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped and a preset current value required to release the fuel-cell stop mode.

A multi-layer control mechanism for optimizing performance metrics of a hybrid electric vehicle (e.g., fuel efficiency, drivability, NVH). A first layer generates a policy that defines target engine & motor operating settings for each of a plurality of possible driver demand inputs based on a predicted driver demand profile for a long-horizon period of time. A second layer determines a predicted short-horizon driver demandbased, for example, on historical driver data and one or more environmental sensor inputsand applies a corrective pre-adjustment to the operating settings of the vehicle in response to determining that a pre-adjustment is required in order to apply the target operating settings for the predicted driver demand. A third layer determines constraints to the operating settings required to comply with the additional performance parameters and limits the operating settings applied to the engine and motor(s) to feasible operating settings defined by the constraints.