Embodiments of the present invention provide an electric machine control system for a vehicle, the electric machine control system comprising one or more controllers, wherein the vehicle comprises an electric machine arranged to be selectively coupleable to provide torque to at least one wheel of an axle of the vehicle, the control system comprising input means to receive (1110) a fault-derived coupling state request (430) signal and (1120) at least one further coupling state request signal, wherein each coupling state request signal is indicative of a request for a coupling state of the electric machine to the at least one wheel of the axle, processing means arranged to determine (1130) the coupling state of the electric machine to the at least one wheel of the axle in dependence on the fault-derived coupling state request signal (430) and the at least one further coupling state request signal, wherein the processing means is arranged to determine the coupling state of the electric machine in precedence on the fault-derived coupling state request signal over the at least one further coupling state request signal, and output means arranged to output (1140) a coupling signal indicative of the determined coupling state to control coupling of the electric machine to the at least one wheel of the axle.

A vehicle system is provided and includes a modular dynamically allocated capacity storage system (MODACS) and an active management module. The MODACS includes blocks of cells. The active management module is configured to: detect a first state of a first block of cells of the blocks of cells; determine whether a safety fault condition exists with the first block of cells based on the first state of the first block of cells; in response to detecting existence of the safety fault condition, isolate the first block of cells from other ones of the blocks of cells; subsequent to isolating the first block of cells, actively discharge and detect a second state of the first block of cells; and based on the second state, continue isolating the first block of cells or reconnecting the first block of cells such that the first block of cells is no longer isolated.

A method of controlling a vehicle drivetrain by an electric motor, in order to synchronize the speed of an internal combustion engine and the speed of gears in the drivetrain, wherein if a speed synchronization error e.sub.sync(t) is controlled to remain within a prespecified region for a specific period of time, the synchronization is finished, and a gear may be engaged.

A method of controlling a vehicle drivetrain by an electric motor, in order to synchronize the speed of an internal combustion engine and the speed of gears in the drivetrain, wherein if a speed synchronization error e.sub.sync(t) is controlled to remain within a prespecified region for a specific period of time, the synchronization is finished, and a gear may be engaged.

A hybrid power train structure for off-road vehicles (ATVs, UTVs and SSVs) uses an internal combustion engine (“ICE”) rotating a crankshaft through a continuously variable transmission (“CVT”) as a primary source of locomotion torque, but also includes a driving/generator motor which, in certain established conditions, can either provide an additional or alternative source of locomotion torque or can harvest electricity from the torque created by the internal combustion engine. The driving/generator motor is an axial flux motor of small size for its relative torque output, which can either be directly coupled to the CVT output shaft or, when additionally used as a starter motor for the ICE in an automatic ICE starting and stopping routine.

The hybrid electric vehicle has a first traveling mode in which the clutch is engaged and the engine is operating, and a second traveling mode in which the clutch is disengaged and the engine is stopped. When switching from the first traveling mode to the second traveling mode, the controller for the hybrid electric vehicle performs the torque replacement control and then disengages the clutch. During the torque replacement control, the controller causes the variable valve mechanism provided in the engine to change the valve timing at a smaller change rate than during a normal engine control.

Systems and methods for operating a hybrid powertrain that includes an engine and a motor/generator are described. The systems and methods adjust torque converter clutch opening responsive to whether or not a motor/generator is available to provide a negative torque to a driveline. Further, the motor/generator and the vehicle's engine are operated to provide a desired amount of driveline braking.

Misfire detection techniques for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) including an internal combustion engine and an electric motor involve utilizing a crankshaft speed sensor configured to generate a crankshaft speed signal indicative of a rotational speed of a crankshaft of the engine that is coupled to the electric motor via a flywheel. The techniques also utilize a controller configured to control the electric motor to provide a vibrational response to dampen disturbances to the crankshaft, receive the crankshaft speed signal, selectively modify the crankshaft speed signal to obtain a modified crankshaft speed signal, and detect a misfire of the engine based on the modified crankshaft speed signal and a set of thresholds including at least one of a negative misfire threshold and a positive vibrational response threshold.

Misfire detection techniques for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) including an internal combustion engine and an electric motor involve utilizing a crankshaft speed sensor configured to generate a crankshaft speed signal indicative of a rotational speed of a crankshaft of the engine that is coupled to the electric motor via a flywheel. The techniques also utilize a controller configured to control the electric motor to provide a vibrational response to dampen disturbances to the crankshaft, receive the crankshaft speed signal, selectively modify the crankshaft speed signal to obtain a modified crankshaft speed signal, and detect a misfire of the engine based on the modified crankshaft speed signal and a set of thresholds including at least one of a negative misfire threshold and a positive vibrational response threshold.

A method for adapting a biting point pressure of a hydraulically actuated hybrid disengaging clutch arranged in a hybrid drive train of a motor vehicle between an internal combustion engine and an electric machine includes step by step implementation during driving of the motor vehicle via a plurality of selected engagement operations of the hybrid disengaging clutch with a manipulation of a rapid filling routine. Proceeding from an initially stored biting point pressure, a setting pressure, which is reduced relative to a subsequent rapid filling routine, is incrementally increased step by step. An actual value, which is set in each case for a test parameter, is detected until the actual value corresponds to a setpoint value. A change in the transmission of torque of the hybrid disengaging clutch is derivable via the actual value.