In various examples, a current claimed set of points representative of a volume in an environment occupied by a vehicle at a time may be determined. A vehicle-occupied trajectory and at least one object-occupied trajectory may be generated at the time. An intersection between the vehicle-occupied trajectory and an object-occupied trajectory may be determined based at least in part on comparing the vehicle-occupied trajectory to the object-occupied trajectory. Based on the intersection, the vehicle may then execute the first safety procedure or an alternative procedure that, when implemented by the vehicle when the object implements the second safety procedure, is determined to have a lesser likelihood of incurring a collision between the vehicle and the object than the first safety procedure.

A system for navigating a vehicle may include a processor programmed to receive an output provided by a vehicle sensor, and determine a navigational maneuver for the vehicle along a road segment based on the output provided by the vehicle sensor. The processor may also be programmed to determine a yaw rate command and a speed command for implementing the navigational maneuver. The processor may also be programmed to determine a first vehicle steering angle based on the yaw rate and speed commands using a first control subsystem, and determine a second vehicle steering angle based on the yaw rate and speed commands using a second control subsystem. The processor may further be programmed to determine an overall steering command for the vehicle based on a combination of the first and second steering angles, and cause an actuator associated with the vehicle to implement the overall steering command.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for estimating a road profile for a vehicle. The apparatus includes a camera, processors, and a controller. The processors are configured to obtain a state of the vehicle including a behavior of the vehicle, and obtain a road height from information provided by the camera. The controller is configured to estimate the road profile by changing coordinates of the camera according to the behavior of the vehicle based on a vehicle height, compensating for the road height and a recognition road distance, and matching and filtering multiple road heights.

A safety system for a vehicle may include one or more processors configured to determine, based on a friction prediction model, one or more predictive friction coefficients between the ground and one or more tires of the ground vehicle using first ground condition data and second ground condition data. The first ground condition data represent conditions of the ground at or near the position of the ground vehicle, and the second ground condition data represent conditions of the ground in front of the ground vehicle with respect to a driving direction of the ground vehicle. The one or more processors are further configured to determine driving conditions of the ground vehicle using the determined one or more predictive friction coefficients.

According to an aspect of an embodiment, operations may comprise receiving, from a LIDAR mounted on a vehicle, a first 3D point cloud comprising points of a region around the vehicle as observed by the LIDAR. The operations may also comprise accessing an HD map comprising a second 3D point cloud comprising points of the region around the vehicle. The operations may also comprise segmenting LIDAR ground points from LIDAR non-ground points in the first 3D point cloud. The operations may also comprise segmenting map ground points from map non-ground points in the second 3D point cloud. The operations may also comprise determining a pose of the vehicle by matching the LIDAR ground points to the map ground points and by matching the LIDAR non-ground points to the map non-ground points.

A vehicle includes an accelerator pedal, an electric machine, and a controller. The electric machine is configured to propel and brake the vehicle according to a one-pedal driving operation. The controller is programmed to, in response to depressing the accelerator pedal, command a desired torque to the electric machine. The controller is further programmed to, adjust the desired torque based on a gradient of a road surface that the vehicle is positioned on. The controller is further programmed to, in response to movement of the electric machine in a direction that is opposite to a desired direction while the adjusted desired torque is being applied, increase the adjusted desired torque by a compensation torque such that movement of the electric machine transitions to the desired direction.

A method of controlling a mobile machine having a set of ground engaging elements includes receiving an image of terrain proximate the mobile machine, detecting a contour of the terrain, determining a projected path of the set of ground engaging elements based on the detected contour of the terrain, and controlling a display device to display the image with an overlay representing the projected path of the ground engaging elements.

In various examples, a current claimed set of points representative of a volume in an environment occupied by a vehicle at a time may be determined. A vehicle-occupied trajectory and at least one object-occupied trajectory may be generated at the time. An intersection between the vehicle-occupied trajectory and an object-occupied trajectory may be determined based at least in part on comparing the vehicle-occupied trajectory to the object-occupied trajectory. Based on the intersection, the vehicle may then execute the first safety procedure or an alternative procedure that, when implemented by the vehicle when the object implements the second safety procedure, is determined to have a lesser likelihood of incurring a collision between the vehicle and the object than the first safety procedure.

Systems and methods for calibrating multiple inertial measurement units on a system include calibrating a first of the inertial measurement units relative to the system using a first calibration model, and calibrating the remaining inertial measurement unit(s) relative to the first inertial measurement unit using a second calibration model. The calibration of the remaining inertial measurement unit(s) to the first inertial measurement unit can be based on a rigid body model by aligning a rotational velocity of the first inertial measurement unit with a rotational velocity of the remaining inertial measurement unit(s).

A method for ascertaining movement variables of a two-wheeled vehicle. The two-wheeled vehicle includes a sensor system including rotational rate, acceleration, and wheel rotational speed sensors. The wheel rotational speed sensor detects at least one measurement pulse per rotation of a wheel of the two-wheeled vehicle. The method includes: acquisition of three-dimensional rotational rates of the two-wheeled vehicle by the rotational rate sensor, acquisition of acceleration values by the acceleration sensor, estimation of a state of movement of the two-wheeled vehicle based on the acquired rotational rates, the state of movement including estimated values for estimated acceleration values and for an estimated speed and for an estimated distance traveled, first correction of the estimated state of movement based on the acquired acceleration values, and ascertaining of an instantaneous speed of the two-wheeled vehicle and/or of a distance traveled by the two-wheeled vehicle, based on the corrected estimated state of movement.