A battery includes a positive electrode formed with a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material at least on one side of a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode formed with a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material at least on one side of a negative electrode current collector, a separator, and an electrolyte containing solid particles. The capacity area density (mAh/cm.sup.2) of the negative electrode active material layer is equal to or higher than 2.2 mAh/cm.sup.2 and equal to or lower than 10 mAh/cm.sup.2, and the capacity area density (mAh/cm.sup.2) of a gap in the negative electrode active material layer is equal to or higher than 5.9 mAh/cm.sup.2 and equal to or lower than 67 mAh/cm.sup.2.

The present disclosure relates to a hybrid vehicle and a method of controlling the same. The hybrid vehicle includes a battery configured to store electrical energy, a motor configured to rotate using the electrical energy, a transmission including a first clutch and a second clutch that are connectable to the motor, and a controller configured to control rotation of the motor to cool the transmission when the transmission is determined to be in an overheated state.

Systems, apparatus and methods implemented in algorithms, hardware, software, firmware, logic, or circuitry may be configured to process data and sensory input to determine whether an object external to an autonomous vehicle (e.g., another vehicle, a pedestrian, road debris, a bicyclist, etc.) may be a potential collision threat to the autonomous vehicle. The autonomous vehicle may be configured to implement interior active safety systems to protect passengers of the autonomous vehicle during a collision with an object or during evasive maneuvers by the autonomous vehicle, for example. The interior active safety systems may be configured to provide passengers with notice of an impending collision and/or emergency maneuvers by the vehicle by tensioning seat belts prior to executing an evasive maneuver and/or prior to a predicted point of collision.

An electrified fire fighting vehicle includes a chassis, a cab coupled to the chassis, a body coupled to the chassis, a front axle coupled to the chassis, a rear axle coupled to the chassis, a water tank supported by the chassis, an energy storage system coupled to the chassis, a water pump supported by the chassis, and an electromagnetic device electrically coupled to the energy storage system. The electromagnetic device is coupled to the water pump and at least one of the front axle or the rear axle. The electromagnetic device is configured to receive stored energy from the energy storage system and provide a mechanical output to selectively drive the water pump and the at least one of the front axle or the rear axle.

A control target for a control device (10) is a vehicle drive device (1) including a rotating electrical machine (MG), and the control device (10) includes: an actual rotational speed obtaining part (14) that obtains an actual rotational speed (Nm) which is an actual rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine (MG); an actual torque obtaining part (15) that obtains actual torque (Tm) which is actual torque of the rotating electrical machine (MG); and a determining part (16) that determines a state of the rotating electrical machine (MG). The determining part (16) determines that the state of the rotating electrical machine (MG) is a negative torque abnormality, when the actual torque (Tm) has a negative value smaller than a torque threshold value (THt) set based on a relationship between the actual rotational speed (Nm) and target torque (Tmt) of the rotating electrical machine (MG).

A method for operating a deceleration system for deceleration a plurality of wheels of a vehicle, the deceleration system comprising at least one control device comprising at least one microprocessor and/or at least one microcontroller is disclosed. The method comprises determining, a total deceleration effort value to be applied by the deceleration system and a distributing the total deceleration effort value by the at least one control device, to a front deceleration effort value to be applied to front wheels of the vehicle by the deceleration system and to a rear deceleration effort value to be applied to rear wheels of the vehicle by the deceleration system. The method comprises sending, by the at least one control device, a control signal to the deceleration system, the control signal comprising the front deceleration effort value and the rear deceleration effort value.

In some implementations, a controller of a hybrid powertrain system may detect a level of demand associated with the load of the hybrid powertrain system. The controller may cause power to be proportionally provided to drive the load via the engine and the electric machine in accordance with a ratio between a first power output provided via the engine and a second power output provided via the electric machine, the ratio being associated with the level of the demand, a control mode associated with the hybrid powertrain system, and an operating mode associated with the hybrid powertrain system.

A continuously-variable transmission (CVT) has: a gearbox having a first planetary gear train, a second planetary gear train, a first rotating spool defined by one of two sun gears, two ring gears, and two carriers of the first and second planetary gear train, a second rotating spool defined by another one of the two sun gears, the two ring gears, and the two carriers, an input defined by a remaining one of the first sun gear, the first carrier, and the first ring gear, and an output defined by a remaining one of the second sun gear, the second carrier, and the second ring gear; a first brake operatively connected to the first rotating spool; a second brake operatively connected to the second rotating spool; and a transmission motor drivingly engaged to the first rotating spool or to the second rotating spool.

A method for operating a hybrid vehicle having an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine for driving the hybrid vehicle is provided, where the internal combustion engine is supplied with fuel from a fuel tank, a fuel filling level of the fuel tank being determined using a fuel filling level sensor, wherein the electrical machine is supplied with electrical energy from an energy store, and the vehicle is configured to be driven in a purely electric mode, with the internal combustion engine switched off, using the electrical machine. In certain embodiments, the method includes establishing that the fuel filling level sensor indicates that a lower filling level has been reached or undershot, and, in response to this establishing, switching off the internal combustion engine and driving the vehicle in the purely electric mode, with the internal combustion engine switched off, using the electrical machine. Following said driving the vehicle in the purely electric mode of the vehicle, the method further includes switching on the internal combustion engine and driving the vehicle using the internal combustion engine in a special mode with the internal combustion engine switched on when one or more conditions for the special mode are satisfied.

The present invention includes a battery controller that calculates an electrical storage remaining amount of a battery, a charging/discharging request calculation part that calculates a charging/discharging request amount for keeping electric power outputted by the battery within a predetermined range based on the electrical storage remaining amount calculated, a target rotational speed calculation part that calculates a target rotational speed command value of a motor generator, and an inverter that controls the motor generator according to the target rotational speed command value calculated, and it is configured that at least one of the battery controller and the inverter calculates the actual charging/discharging amount of the battery, and that the target rotational speed calculation part calculates a target rotational speed correction value from difference between the charging/discharging request amount and the actual charging/discharging amount and corrects the target rotational speed command value.