Exemplary embodiments are generally directed to shopping carts and associated systems and methods. Exemplary embodiments of the shopping cart include a shopping cart body and a plurality of wheels supporting the shopping cart body. Exemplary embodiments of the shopping cart include a receiver configured to detect a position of the shopping cart relative to a range of a network or an area defined by a geo-fence. Exemplary embodiments of the shopping cart include an electromagnetic generator operatively coupled to at least one of the plurality of wheels. A resistive load can be selectively connected between an input and an output of the electromagnetic generator to restrict rotation of the at least one of the plurality of wheels as the position of the shopping cart detected by the receiver varies between within or outside of the range of the network or the area defined by the geo-fence.

An electronic control unit is mounted on a vehicle including an internal combustion engine and electric motors, each of which is connected to a driving shaft to be capable of transmitting power. The electronic control unit is configured to compute compensation torque reducing a pulsation component of engine torque of the internal combustion engine and command a value in which required torque of the electric motor is combined with the computed compensation torque to the electric motor as a torque command value of the electric motor. The electronic control unit is configured to correct the torque command value so that the value opposite in sign to an average torque command value is not commanded to the electric motor when the average torque command value is smaller than an amplitude of the torque command value.

A torque upper limit value changing section increases an upper limit value of a torque instruction value in a powering range in case a rotational speed reduction degree is greater than a reference value and decreases the upper limit value of the torque instruction value in the powering range in case the rotational speed reduction degree is smaller than the reference value.

A vehicle control system for reducing shocks resulting from restarting an engine under EV running mode. The vehicle control system is applied to a vehicle including an engagement device that selectively connect the engine with the powertrain, and a motor adapted to generate a drive force and connected with the powertrain. In the vehicle, a first mode is selected to propel the vehicle by the motor while interrupting the torque transmission between the engine and the powertrain and stopping the engine, and a second mode is selected to propel the vehicle by the motor while allowing the torque transmission between the engine and the powertrain and stopping the engine. The vehicle control system selects the second mode if a control response of at least any of the engagement device and the motor is estimated to be out of a predetermine range when the vehicle is running while stopping the engine.

A control system for a hybrid vehicle having an engine and a plurality of motors is provided. An operating mode of the hybrid vehicle is selected depending on a required driving force from a first mode where the vehicle is powered by the engine, a second mode where the vehicle is powered by the plurality of motors, and a third mode where the vehicle is powered by any one of the motors. The control system is characterized by a detection means that detects an output power of the prime mover, and a setting means that alters a selectability of the second mode in accordance with the output power of the prime mover.

A hybrid powertrain and a method for controlling the powertrain are provided to convert an EV mode, a power slit mode, and a parallel mode based on a driving state. The powertrain includes an input shaft connected to an engine and first and second motors/generators installed within a transmission housing. A planetary gear set is installed on an input shaft and includes a combination of a sun gear, a planetary carrier, and a ring gear. A first output gear is connected to the second motor/generator and a second output gear is connected to the planetary carrier of the planetary gear set. A rotation restraint mechanism restricts a rotation of the input shaft. An overdrive brake is connected to the sun gear of the planetary gear set or the first motor/generator. An output shaft is supplied with power through the first and second output gears.

A powertrain assembly includes a transmission, an engine, first and second motor/generators and a controller. The controller includes a processor and memory on which is recorded instructions for executing a method for controlling engine pulse torque cancellation commands. The controller is programmed to determine an engine pulse torque (T.sub.P). The controller is programmed to calculate a first motor torque pulse command (T.sub.A) for the first motor/generator as a product of a first gear factor (G.sub.1), the engine pulse torque (T.sub.P) and a first ratio (I.sub.A/I.sub.E) of a predetermined first moment of inertia (I.sub.A) for the first motor/generator and a predetermined engine moment of inertia (I.sub.E). Similarly, the controller is programmed to calculate a second motor torque pulse command (T.sub.B) for the second motor/generator. The controller is programmed to control the first and second motor/generators in response to the first and second motor torque pulse commands, respectively.

An electric drive direction confirmation system and method for a vehicle are provided. The system and method include receiving a gear selector input signal corresponding to a gear selection from an electronic gear selector on the vehicle, and sending a drive command to temporarily urge the vehicle in a direction corresponding to the gear selection.

A hybrid vehicle includes an electronic control unit that executes first discharge control in a state where an engine is stopped in the case where a collision detector detects a collision of the hybrid vehicle. The first discharge control includes bringing all switching elements on either one of an upper arm side and a lower arm side of either one of a first inverter and a second inverter into ON states; bringing another inverter into a gate blocking state; and discharging electric charges of a capacitor by using a discharge device until a voltage of the capacitor becomes lower than a threshold.

At the time of changing from an EV mode, in which a hybrid vehicle travels with the use of a second motor provided on an output side of a differential mechanism while torque that acts on any one of rotating elements of the differential mechanism is interrupted by a clutch, to an HV mode, in which the hybrid vehicle travels while transmitting output torque of an engine to a drive wheel, when the engine is started in a state where the clutch is slipped and torque is transmitted from the engine so as to increase the rotation speed of the first rotating element while the clutch is slipped, torque starts being output from a first motor such that torque input from the first rotating element to the differential mechanism to increase the rotation speed of the drive wheel is output from the third rotating element.