An apparatus for determining a concentration of a driver includes: a region-of-interest definition processor configured to define a region-of-interest based on traffic-related information on front image information of a vehicle running; a driver eye-gaze detection processor configured to detect a plurality of eye-gaze points from driver image information of a driver in accordance with an eye-gaze movement of the driver; a driver concentration information calculation processor configured to calculate concentration information of each of the eye-gaze points; an image coordinate system processor configured to convert the region-of-interest to an image coordinate system and convert positions of the eye-gaze points to the image coordinate system; and a concentration determination processor configured to determine a concentration of the driver on the image coordinate system based on the concentration information.

Provided is a portable electronic device including: a sensor; and a control unit controlling the sensor so as to obtain movement information of the portable electronic device in order to detect a movement of at least a part of a user's arm, determining whether the user is in a driving state on the basis of the movement information, automatically switching into a driving mode on the basis of the determination, and activating at least one function relating to driving among the functions of the portable electronic device on the basis of the switching into the driving mode.

An activity recognition device comprises a port configured to receive a video stream from a video source for a first object and a second object; a memory configured to store instructions and image frames of the video stream; and one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions stored in the memory, the one or more processors configured to: select portions of the image frames based on presence of the first object; determine areas within the portions of image frames, wherein locations of the first object in the video frames are bounded by the determined areas; determine motion of the first object and locations of a second object within the areas of the image frames; and identify an activity according to the determined motion and locations of the second object, and generate an alert according to the identified activity.

A method of diagnosing a non-coupling breather hose includes: sensing a revolutions per minute (RPM) after starting an engine; operating a differential pressure sensor; and determining that a breather hose is not coupled when an output voltage from the differential pressure sensor or a holding time of the output voltage is in a predetermined range.

Circuits for providing to an operator warning interfaced system of a transportation vehicle a conductive path to ground or voltage source are described herein. The operator warning interface system, when provided a conductive path to ground or voltage source, may generate an audio and/or visual alert that indicates that the parking brake of the transportation vehicle is disengaged. The circuits may include at least one switch that when integrated into a safety and warning system of a transportation vehicle and when closed provides a conductive path to ground or voltage source to an operator warning interface system of the transportation vehicle, where the switch closes when the parking brake of the transportation vehicle is disengaged. In some implementations, the circuits may further include a second switch that must be closed in order to provide the conductive path to ground or voltage source. The second switch may close when the vehicle ignition is turned off.

Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided for integrated driver expression recognition and vehicle interior environment classification to detect driver condition for safety. A method includes obtaining an image of a driver of a vehicle and an image of an interior environment of the vehicle. Using a machine learning method, the images are processed to classify a condition of the driver and of the interior environment of the vehicle. The machine learning method includes general convolutional neural network (CNN) and CNN with adaptive filters. The adaptive filters are determined based on influence of filters. The classification results are combined and compared with predetermined thresholds to determine if a decision can be made based on existing information. Additional information is requested by self-motivated learning if a decision cannot be made, and safety is determined based on the combined classification results. A warning is provided to the driver based on the safety determination.

A computer in a vehicle includes a processor programmed to apply, on the vehicle, upon detecting an occupant alertness level below a first threshold, a first periodic component to a first torque applied to one or more first-end wheels and a second periodic component to a second torque applied to one or more second-end wheels.

A method for identifying a driver change in a motor vehicle with the aid of an interior camera for monitoring the driver, which is characterized in that a driver change is detected when the head of the driver is not detected in the viewing range of the camera. In addition, a corresponding device and a computer program and a machine-readable memory medium are provided.

A detection apparatus of vital parameters on a steering wheel is provided. The apparatus includes a horn switch, remote control switches configured to operate devices within a vehicle and a vital signal detector configured to detect a vital signal of an operator. The vital signal detector includes a detection sensor that is configured to detect the vital signal of the operator and a photo sensor that is mounted on the remote control switch. Accordingly, the separate space for the assembling portion of the vital signal detector is not required and the volume of the apparatus and the number of components are reduced. The mountability and the aesthetics are improved.

A method of diagnosing a non-coupling breather hose includes: sensing a revolutions per minute (RPM) after starting an engine; operating a differential pressure sensor; and determining that a breather hose is not coupled when an output voltage from the differential pressure sensor or a holding time of the output voltage is in a predetermined range.