An ultrasonic flaw detector for a composite material constituted by a plurality of materials which are different in physical properties from one another includes: a section specifier configured to specify first and second sections of an RF signal of a reflected wave of an ultrasonic wave with which the composite material is irradiated, a material reflected wave being possibly generated in the first section, an interface reflected wave being possibly generated in the second section; a material flaw determiner configured to determine whether or not a value of the RF signal exceeds a positive first threshold in the first section; and an interface flaw determiner configured to determine whether or not the value of the RF signal falls below a negative second threshold in the second section.

An ultrasonic flaw detector for a composite material constituted by a plurality of materials which are different in physical properties from one another includes: a section specifier configured to specify first and second sections of an RF signal of a reflected wave of an ultrasonic wave with which the composite material is irradiated, a material reflected wave being possibly generated in the first section, an interface reflected wave being possibly generated in the second section; a material flaw determiner configured to determine whether or not a value of the RF signal exceeds a positive first threshold in the first section; and an interface flaw determiner configured to determine whether or not the value of the RF signal falls below a negative second threshold in the second section.

A sole bar arrangement for a body of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle includes at least one sole bar that has a hole pattern and at least one suspension device, perforated in an interface-identical manner to the hole pattern and has a U-shaped cross-section, wherein the at least one suspension device is interlockingly and frictionally connected to the at least one sole bar, where the interface-identical configuration of the sole beam and the suspension device results in great flexibility with respect to the type and number of devices to be coupled to the body via the suspension device so as to create advantageous design conditions such that the production process of the body is simplified and accelerated.

According to some embodiments, a modular railcar comprises: a pair of trucks disposed near each end of the modular railcar; an underframe coupled to the pair of trucks and supported by the pair of trucks. The underframe comprises a plurality of coupling apparatus. The plurality of coupling apparatus are configured to couple a modular top container to the underframe. According to some embodiments, a modular top container comprises: a floor panel configured to transport a lading; and a plurality of coupling apparatus coupled to the floor panel. The plurality of coupling apparatus are configured to couple the modular top container to a modular railcar. The floor panel is configured to support the weight of the lading when detached from the modular railcar.

According to some embodiments, a modular railcar comprises: a pair of trucks disposed near each end of the modular railcar; an underframe coupled to the pair of trucks and supported by the pair of trucks. The underframe comprises a plurality of coupling apparatus. The plurality of coupling apparatus are configured to couple a modular top container to the underframe. According to some embodiments, a modular top container comprises: a floor panel configured to transport a lading; and a plurality of coupling apparatus coupled to the floor panel. The plurality of coupling apparatus are configured to couple the modular top container to a modular railcar. The floor panel is configured to support the weight of the lading when detached from the modular railcar.

A railcar frame includes a first side sheet assembly. The first side sheet assembly includes a first side sheet, a first top chord, and a first side sill. The first side sheet includes one or more truss structures formed within the first side sheet by removing a plurality of portions of the first side sheet according to a pattern. The first side sheet has a length along a first axis and a width along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The first top chord is welded to a top portion of the first side sheet along the first axis. The first side sill is welded to a bottom portion of the first side sheet along the first axis opposite the first top chord.

An enclosure (10) has an inner space in which a rectangular parallelepiped shaped device unit (6) is storable, and has a side surface with an opening (20) for insertion of the device unit (6). A mounting frame (11) is a flat plate facing the opening (20) and disposed in the enclosure (10) on the opposite side of the enclosure (10) with respect in the opening (20). A guide unit includes a slide rail (12) extending from the mounting frame to the opening, and guides the device unit (6) between the opening (20) and the mounting frame (11) in a state in which the guide unit holds the device unit (6) in the Y-axis direction.

An enclosure (10) has an inner space in which a rectangular parallelepiped shaped device unit (6) is storable, and has a side surface with an opening (20) for insertion of the device unit (6). A mounting frame (11) is a flat plate facing the opening (20) and disposed in the enclosure (10) on the opposite side of the enclosure (10) with respect in the opening (20). A guide unit includes a slide rail (12) extending from the mounting frame to the opening, and guides the device unit (6) between the opening (20) and the mounting frame (11) in a state in which the guide unit holds the device unit (6) in the Y-axis direction.

A railcar comprises a composite floor assembly. The composite floor assembly comprises a plurality of channels disposed on top of an underframe and longitudinally extending along a length of the composite floor assembly. Each of the plurality of channels forms a recessed portion to allow the flow of liquid. The composite floor assembly further comprises an integral drain pan integrated into the composite floor assembly such that the integral drain pan forms a recessed portion along the longitudinal end of the composite floor assembly. The integral drain pan is configured to accumulate the liquid flown from the plurality of channels.

A railcar comprises a composite floor assembly. The composite floor assembly comprises a plurality of channels disposed on top of an underframe and longitudinally extending along a length of the composite floor assembly. Each of the plurality of channels forms a recessed portion to allow the flow of liquid. The composite floor assembly further comprises an integral drain pan integrated into the composite floor assembly such that the integral drain pan forms a recessed portion along the longitudinal end of the composite floor assembly. The integral drain pan is configured to accumulate the liquid flown from the plurality of channels.