A light emitting diode (LED) shielding and monitoring system includes multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) (12, 14, 82, 92), multiple optical detectors (20, 84, 94) for detecting a light output of the plurality of LEDs (12, 14, 82, 92), and a LED shield (30, 110) with multiple compartments (38, 114) for receiving the multiple optical detectors (20, 84, 94). The LED shield (30, 110) is configured such that each compartment (38, 114) receives an optical detector (20, 84, 94), and wherein each compartment (38, 114) is configured such that the optical detector (20, 84, 94) within the compartment (38, 114) detects the light output of a LED (12, 14, 82, 92) of the multiple LEDs (12, 14, 82, 92) without detecting light output other than the light output of the LED (12, 14, 82, 92). Further, wayside LED signals including a LED shielding and monitoring system are provided.

A train simulator test set is disclosed that can be operably coupled to a railroad track to measure the resting impedance of that track circuit and simulate a train by varying the railroad track inductance over a set period of time. The test set can select the speed, direction, and number of trains to simulate. By applying a variable inductance on the railroad tracks, the test set can simulate a train moving at variable speeds toward and away from the island. The test set can apply inductances to the railroad tracks to simulate two or more trains moving in each direction of the tracks at the same time, along with multiple looks and routes. The train simulator test set can include simulation software to vary the parameters of the train simulation and couple a variable inductance on the railroad tracks.

An impact detection tower is disclosed that can facilitate a reliable method of avalanche detection, related to the maintenance and monitoring a railway system. The avalanche detection system can include a plurality of impact detection towers comprising sensors in operable communication with a gateway configured to utilize data transmitted from the sensors to determine if an avalanche has occurred. The gateway can be in operable connection with a human-machine interface to facilitate monitoring of the system by a railroad engineer.

An impact detection tower is disclosed that can facilitate a reliable method of avalanche detection, related to the maintenance and monitoring a railway system. The avalanche detection system can include a plurality of impact detection towers comprising sensors in operable communication with a gateway configured to utilize data transmitted from the sensors to determine if an avalanche has occurred. The gateway can be in operable connection with a human-machine interface to facilitate monitoring of the system by a railroad engineer.

This application relates to methods and apparatus for monitoring data obtained as a train (202) travels on along a rail track (201) to detect the occurrence and/or severity of any significant in-train forces, such as may be caused by heavy braking or excessive acceleration. The method involves taking a first data set corresponding to measurement signals from a plurality of channels of at least one fibre optic distributed acoustic sensor (202) having a sensing fibre (101) deployed to monitor at least part of the rail track. The first data set corresponds to measurement signals acquired as the train passes along the rail track. The method involves analysing the measurement signals to detect a first characteristic signature (402) which consists of a sequence of acoustic transients that appear to propagate rearwards along the train.

This application relates to methods and apparatus for monitoring data obtained as a train (202) travels on along a rail track (201) to detect the occurrence and/or severity of any significant in-train forces, such as may be caused by heavy braking or excessive acceleration. The method involves taking a first data set corresponding to measurement signals from a plurality of channels of at least one fibre optic distributed acoustic sensor (202) having a sensing fibre (101) deployed to monitor at least part of the rail track. The first data set corresponds to measurement signals acquired as the train passes along the rail track. The method involves analysing the measurement signals to detect a first characteristic signature (402) which consists of a sequence of acoustic transients that appear to propagate rearwards along the train.

A sensor system and an alerting unit. The sensor system according to the invention may comprise first sensing element configured to measure a first signal indicative of a velocity of a movement of an object and a second sensing element configured to measure a second signal indicative of a direction of the movement, further comprising an alerting unit configured to issue a warning if a predefined relationship between the first signal and the second signal is being violated. The invention further teaches an alerting unit configured to monitor a predefined relationship between a first signal and a second signal and further configured to issue a warning should the predefined relationship become violated.

A surge suppression circuit for a track circuit is provided. The surge suppression circuit comprises a first surge protection device including a first pair of silicon avalanche diodes and a second surge protection device including a second pair of silicon avalanche diodes. The first surge protection device is connected on a first connection line between a first terminal of a railroad signaling electronic equipment to be protected from a surge and a first terminal of a first rail of two physical rails. The second surge protection device is connected on a second connection line between a second terminal of the railroad signaling electronic equipment and a second terminal of a second rail of the two physical rails. The first surge protection device and the second surge protection device are connected to an earth ground terminal.

A surge suppression circuit for a track circuit is provided. The surge suppression circuit comprises a first surge protection device including a first pair of silicon avalanche diodes and a second surge protection device including a second pair of silicon avalanche diodes. The first surge protection device is connected on a first connection line between a first terminal of a railroad signaling electronic equipment to be protected from a surge and a first terminal of a first rail of two physical rails. The second surge protection device is connected on a second connection line between a second terminal of the railroad signaling electronic equipment and a second terminal of a second rail of the two physical rails. The first surge protection device and the second surge protection device are connected to an earth ground terminal.

A monitoring method and system monitor a transmitted current that is injected into conductive components of a route traveled by vehicle systems, monitor a received current that represents a portion of the transmitted current that is conducted through the conductive components of the route, examine changes in the transmitted and/or received current over time to determine when the vehicle systems are on the route between a first location where the transmitted current is injected into the conductive components and a second location where the received current is monitored, and examine the changes in the transmitted and/or received currents. The changes are examined to identify (a) a contaminated portion of a surface on which the route is disposed, (b) a foreign object other than the vehicle systems that is contacting the route, and/or (c) a damaged or broken portion of at least one of the conductive components of the route.