An automated three dimensional mapping and display system for a diagnostic ultrasound system is presented. According to the invention, ultrasound probe position registration is automated, the position of each pixel in the ultrasound image in reference to selected anatomical references is calculated, and specified information is stored on command. The system, during real time ultrasound scanning, enables the ultrasound probe position and orientation to be continuously displayed over a body or body part diagram, thereby facilitating scanning and images interpretation of stored information. The system can then record single or multiple ultrasound free hand two-dimensional (also “2D”) frames in a video sequence (clip) or cine loop wherein multiple 2D frames of one or more video sequences corresponding to a scanned volume can be reconstructed in three-dimensional (also “3D”) volume images corresponding to the scanned region, using known 3D reconstruction algorithms. In later examinations, the exact location and position of the transducer can be recreated along three dimensional or two dimensional axis points enabling known targets to be viewed from an exact, known position.

An automated three dimensional mapping and display system for a diagnostic ultrasound system is presented. According to the invention, ultrasound probe position registration is automated, the position of each pixel in the ultrasound image in reference to selected anatomical references is calculated, and specified information is stored on command. The system, during real time ultrasound scanning, enables the ultrasound probe position and orientation to be continuously displayed over a body or body part diagram, thereby facilitating scanning and images interpretation of stored information. The system can then record single or multiple ultrasound free hand two-dimensional (also “2D”) frames in a video sequence (clip) or cine loop wherein multiple 2D frames of one or more video sequences corresponding to a scanned volume can be reconstructed in three-dimensional (also “3D”) volume images corresponding to the scanned region, using known 3D reconstruction algorithms. In later examinations, the exact location and position of the transducer can be recreated along three dimensional or two dimensional axis points enabling known targets to be viewed from an exact, known position.

New wearable and non-wearable systems for noninvasive glucose, vital sign, and other important body variable or property sensing include an ultrasound generator, an ultrasound detector and a feedback unit, wherein the vital signs include heart rate, oxygenation, temperature, blood pressure, and/or electrocardiogram (ECG) and the other body important variables or properties including fitness index (FI), body weight index (BWI), and/or hydration index (HI), and methods for noninvasive monitoring same.

The invention relates to the field of ophthalmic systems and procedures. In particular, the invention relates to the determination of the post-operative position of an intraocular lens (termed “IOL”) in an eye of a patient undergoing lens replacement surgery, which involves determining the position of the existing crystalline lens in the pre-operative eye of the patient and using that information and a single numerical constant to predict the post-operative intraocular lens position. Related methods, and computer programs for performing the methods of the invention, are also disclosed.

Systems and methods for monitoring properties of the cornea and controlling the crosslinking treatment. The thickness of the cornea during crosslinking may be measured by using ultrasonic reflections to determine an anterior distance (D.sub.1′) between a reference location (37) on a device resting on the eye and an anterior surface (66) of the cornea and to determine a posterior distance (D.sub.3′) between a posterior surface (63) of the cornea and an element of the eye such as an anterior surface (72) of the lens of the eye. These distances are subtracted from a reference distance (D.sub.0) between the reference location and the element of the eye. The reference distance (D.sub.0) may be determined using ultrasonic reflections to determine the corresponding anterior and posterior distances and the thickness (D.sub.2) of the cornea prior to crosslinking. The speed of sound in the cornea during crosslinking may be derived using the thickness (D2′) and time of flight of ultrasound through the cornea. The position of the cornea relative to a reference location may be determined. In still other embodiments, location of a surface of demarcation (86) within the cornea formed as a result of crosslinking may be determined. Still other embodiments provide for determination of one or more resonant frequencies of the cornea, and for measurement of responses of the cornea to applied forces, such as displacement and rebound velocity. The properties of the cornea may be used as proxies for the extent of crosslinking, and a light source (48, 348) used to induce crosslinking may be controlled in response to such proxies.

Systems and methods for monitoring properties of the cornea and controlling the crosslinking treatment. The thickness of the cornea during crosslinking may be measured by using ultrasonic reflections to determine an anterior distance (D.sub.1′) between a reference location (37) on a device resting on the eye and an anterior surface (66) of the cornea and to determine a posterior distance (D.sub.3′) between a posterior surface (63) of the cornea and an element of the eye such as an anterior surface (72) of the lens of the eye. These distances are subtracted from a reference distance (D.sub.0) between the reference location and the element of the eye. The reference distance (D.sub.0) may be determined using ultrasonic reflections to determine the corresponding anterior and posterior distances and the thickness (D.sub.2) of the cornea prior to crosslinking. The speed of sound in the cornea during crosslinking may be derived using the thickness (D2′) and time of flight of ultrasound through the cornea. The position of the cornea relative to a reference location may be determined. In still other embodiments, location of a surface of demarcation (86) within the cornea formed as a result of crosslinking may be determined. Still other embodiments provide for determination of one or more resonant frequencies of the cornea, and for measurement of responses of the cornea to applied forces, such as displacement and rebound velocity. The properties of the cornea may be used as proxies for the extent of crosslinking, and a light source (48, 348) used to induce crosslinking may be controlled in response to such proxies.

A method for alignment of an ultrasound image obtained by an ultrasound probe for obtaining images in relation to the eye (1) is provided. The method comprises: placing the ultra-sound probe in a suitable location across a region of interest (ROI) expected to include the optic nerve; obtaining images of said ROI; 4 processing the images to identify boundary features (4, 5, 6) representative of the boundaries of at least one of the optic nerve and the optic nerve sheath (2); using the identified boundary features to determine a principal direction (10) extending along the length of the optic nerve and the optic nerve sheath; identifying at least first and second points on the identified boundary features, the first and second points being at different locations along the principal direction; and rotating the image plane until the first and second points are aligned in the image, and thereby determining a required orientation of the image plane of the probe for alignment of the ultrasound image with the principal direction

A method for alignment of an ultrasound image obtained by an ultrasound probe for obtaining images in relation to the eye (1) is provided. The method comprises: placing the ultra-sound probe in a suitable location across a region of interest (ROI) expected to include the optic nerve; obtaining images of said ROI; 4 processing the images to identify boundary features (4, 5, 6) representative of the boundaries of at least one of the optic nerve and the optic nerve sheath (2); using the identified boundary features to determine a principal direction (10) extending along the length of the optic nerve and the optic nerve sheath; identifying at least first and second points on the identified boundary features, the first and second points being at different locations along the principal direction; and rotating the image plane until the first and second points are aligned in the image, and thereby determining a required orientation of the image plane of the probe for alignment of the ultrasound image with the principal direction

An ultrasonic tonometer, which measures an intraocular pressure of a subject eye using an ultrasonic wave, has an ultrasonic actuator including an ultrasonic element that generates an ultrasonic wave and a sonotrode that propagates the ultrasonic wave generated from the ultrasonic element, and irradiating the subject eye with the ultrasonic wave. The sonotrode includes an uneven portion in which a thickness of the sonotrode varies in a sound axis direction of the ultrasonic wave.

What is provided are methods of analyzing at least one image of the anterior segment of an eye and for selecting an intraocular lens (IOL). The methods may include detecting at least one image from an anterior segment of the eye; identifying a location of a reference structure on the eye using a plurality of points of a landmark on the anterior segment of the eye; and calculating at least one quantitative dimension of the anterior segment of the eye using the reference structure. The newly identified landmarks and quantifiable dimensions improve the characterization of the anterior segment in order to better predict the position and movement of the intraocular lens. The improved methods for analyzing the imaging of the anterior segment of the eye allows for improvements in the refractive outcomes of cataract surgery, glaucoma procedures, refractive outcomes, and other eye-related diseases.