A worm gear for a worm gear system of a motor vehicle steering device may include a hub, a support element, and a gear rim. The support element may be a support ring that by means of an injection-molding method is injected between the gear rim and the hub. The support ring may connect in a form-fitting manner the hub and the gear rim. The gear rim and the support element may configure a multiplicity of teeth. The support element may have support webs that penetrate the gear rim such that radially outward pointing end sides of the support webs are exposed.

Provided is a torque-transmission joint 15a that is able to reduce the thrust force that is transmitted between the output shaft 12a of an electric motor 8 and a worm shaft 6a without generating noise. A shock-absorbing member 18a that is made using an elastic material is assembled between a driving-side transmission member 16a that is supported by the output shaft 12a and a driven-side member 17a that is supported by the worm shaft 6a. Held sections 33a, 33b of the shock-absorbing member 18a are located between the side surfaces in the circumferential direction of driving-side arm sections 21a of the driving-side transmission member 16a and side surfaces in the circumferential direction of driven-side arm sections 23a of the driven-side transmission member 17a. A damper section 26 is integrally provided with the shock-absorbing member 18a, and that damper section 26 is elastically held between the tip-end surface of the output shaft 12a and the base-end surface of the worm shaft 16a.

A steer-by-wire system includes a steering reaction torque generation device mechanically separated from a turning device for turning wheels and configured to apply a reaction torque to a steering wheel. The steering reaction torque generation device has a duplex configuration including a first system and a second system, each system including a reaction torque motor. When both systems are normal, a control device generates the reaction torque having a normal characteristic by controlling an operation of the reaction torque motor of at least one system. In a case of single failure where one of the systems fails, the control device generates the reaction torque having a first characteristic by controlling an operation of the reaction torque motor of another of the systems. The reaction torque having the first characteristic is different from the reaction torque having the normal characteristic with respect to a same steering angle.

A steering system for a motor vehicle, having a steering column, an electromechanical steering assistance apparatus, a sensor which is assigned to the steering column and is configured to sense a torque and a rotational angle of the steering column, and a regulator, wherein the electromechanical steering assistance apparatus comprises a motor having an angular position encoder which is configured to sense the motor rotational angle of the motor, wherein the regulator is configured to determine a torque of the electromechanical steering assistance apparatus, and wherein the regulator is also configured to determine a disturbance variable, which gives rise to an undesired steering sensation, in the steering system by means of a Kalman filter.

A method and adapted electronic systems for determining a value representative for or an estimate of the load on a plunger of a baler for harvested agricultural material includes obtaining the speed of movement of a drive element for the plunger, followed by determining the estimate of or value representative for the load on the plunger based upon the obtained speed of movement of the drive element.

A method and adapted electronic systems for determining a value representative for or an estimate of the load on a plunger of a baler for harvested agricultural material includes obtaining the speed of movement of a drive element for the plunger, followed by determining the estimate of or value representative for the load on the plunger based upon the obtained speed of movement of the drive element.

In an electric driving apparatus, a first rotational angle detecting sensor that generates a signal that corresponds to rotation of a shaft is disposed between a controlling apparatus and a motor. A housing accommodates the motor, the controlling apparatus, and the first rotational angle detecting sensor together. A second rotational angle detecting sensor that generates a signal that corresponds to rotation of the shaft is disposed at a position that is further away from the motor than the controlling apparatus in the axial direction of the shaft, and is disposed outside the housing. The first rotational angle detecting sensor is a magnetic detecting element sensor that includes: a magnet rotating body that includes a magnet, and that rotates together with the shaft; and a magnetic detecting element that detects magnetism from the magnet. The second rotational angle detecting sensor is a resolver.

A drive device of an electric power steering apparatus includes a motor housing fixed to a gear housing, a stator, which is received in an inside of the motor housing, a rotor, which is rotatably placed on an inner side of the stator, and a shaft, which is rotated integrally with the rotor. The motor housing includes an engaging portion. The engaging portion has a thread, which is coaxial with a rotational axis of the shaft and is threadably engaged with the gear housing.

Steering boxes currently available on the market in order to convert the rotation of the steering wheel into the angular rotation of the wheels are not suitable to be partially built into the rim of the wheels of an electric car. In addition, existing boxes do not allow the independent rotation of the wheels or wide turning radii. These limitations are overcome using a system comprising: a body into which at least one motor is built using corresponding supports, which motor(s) actuate(s) the steering rotation axle of each steered wheel in the upper part of the body, and, in the lower part, a transmission gearbox and a stationary circular crown gear with which driving pinions mesh, said pinions rotating about the crown gear, thereby rotating the entire body and the rotation axle of the wheel built into the body together with suitable means.

A steer-by-wire system and method for a vehicle, including and utilizing: a steering wheel system including a steering wheel, an angle sensor or mechanism coupled or applied to the steering wheel and for determining an angular magnitude of the steering wheel and provide a corresponding control signal, and an angular rate sensor or mechanism coupled or applied to the steering wheel and for determining an angular rate of the steering wheel and provide a corresponding control signal offset; and a steering actuator system including a wheel angle actuator coupled to one or more wheels of the vehicle and for receiving the collective control signal and control signal offset and turning the wheels in response. The steering wheel system further includes an angular rate filter/tuner for receiving an angular rate input from the angular rate sensor or mechanism and deriving an angular offset output corresponding to the control signal offset.