Transdermally emitted gasses are detected by applying a dermal sampling strip to the skin of a biological subject, capturing the gasses in a vapor space in the dermal sampling strip, and analyzing for at least one such gas captured in the vapor space of the dermal sampling strip. Analysis is preferably performed using an electrocatalytic cell, which can be mounted on the dermal sampling strip and form a wall of the vapor space.

The present invention is directed to a toilet that includes a slanted fill tube with an optical proximity sensor positioned on or within the inner surface of the fill tube. The optical proximity sensor includes an incoherent light source and a photodiode. The optical proximity sensor as disclosed herein detects small changes in volumes added to a toilet bowl. Consequently, small volumes of excrement that are deposited in the toilet bowl by a user may be detected with greater accuracy. In some embodiments, information about the volume of urine or feces deposited into the toilet bowl is recorded and calculated by a processor. Other sensors, including a toilet bowl water level sensor and a gas sensor may collect data in combination with the optical proximity sensor to provide more complete information about the user's health.

The present invention is directed to a toilet that includes a liquid level sensor on the surface of a flush jet fill tube. The liquid level sensor is a noncontact electrical impedance sensor that is an electrical capacitor. The capacitor may be used alone or with other volume sensors to detect volume of materials added to a toilet bowl. Some embodiments include a processor which records data and provides reports that may be clinically useful to assess the user's health status. The temporal nature of the liquid level sensor measurements is particularly useful because urination or defecation may be measured over time. Not only are total volumes detected but rates at which waste is deposited into the toilet during the entire excretion event are detected. These measurements are particularly useful in assessing certain health conditions.

The present invention is a biological information measurement system that measures physical condition of a test subject, and includes: a suction device that sucks gas in the bowl; a gas detector with a gas sensor sensitive to odiferous gas and hydrogen gas included in the defecation gas; a control device; a data analyzer that analyzes the physical condition of the test subject on the basis of detection data; and an output device that outputs an analysis result. In the system, the gas sensor includes first and second detectors that have different sensitivities to hydrogen gas and odiferous gas, and detect first and second detection data, respectively, and the data analyzer includes a gas arithmetic circuit that acquires concentration of odiferous gas on the basis of a conversion table of a relationship between the first and second detection data and concentration of the odiferous gas.

An oral care device for placement in the oral cavity. The oral care device may include a support component, a piezoelectric component, and/or sensor and/or a therapeutic element. The support component is configured for placement between one or more maxillary teeth and one or more mandibular teeth. The piezoelectric element is configured to generate electrical energy from relative movement of the maxillary teeth and the mandibular teeth. The sensor is configured to sense a condition in the oral cavity. The therapeutic element is configured to release a therapeutic into the oral cavity. The device may include any one or any combination of the piezoelectric component, the therapeutic element, and the sensor.

A miniaturized wireless bimodal oxygenation status monitoring wearable device that continuously monitors both the transcutaneous oxygen and peripheral blood oxygen saturation and overcomes the limitations of the traditional transcutaneous oxygen monitors such as requiring a heating element and a large, expensive bedside monitor that prevents continuous monitoring outside a clinical setting.

A method comprising: acquiring via a network biogas information representing a concentration of 2-ethylhexanoic acid of the user acquired by a sensor that detects the 2-ethylhexanoic acid discharged from a skin surface of the user; obtaining the reference information representing a lower limit of a normal range of the concentration of 2-ethylhexanoic acid per unit period of time, using a memory storing the reference information; and outputting information related to stress of the user an information terminal of the user, after it is determined that a frequency that concentration of the 2-ethylhexanoic acid of the user per the unit period of time is less than the lower limit of the normal range tends to increase, based on the biogas information acquired in a pregnancy period of the user.

A method of analysis using mass and/or ion mobility spectrometry or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed comprising: using a first device to generate aerosol, smoke or vapour from one or more regions of a first target of biological material; and mass and/or ion mobility analysing and/or ion mobility analysing said aerosol, smoke, or vapour, or ions derived therefrom so as to obtain first spectrometric data. The method may use an ambient ionisation method.

The present invention relates to an apparatus (10) apparatus for the detection of carbon dioxide. It is described to place (210) a part of a housing in contact with a skin area of a patient. the part of the housing and a gas measuring chamber within the housing are configured such that gases diffusing through the skin area of the patient enter the gas measuring chamber. radiation is emitted (220) from a radiation source within the housing, wherein at least some of the radiation emitted by the radiation source enters the gas measuring chamber. The radiation entering the gas measuring chamber has wavelengths that extend over an absorption band of carbon dioxide and has wavelengths that extend over a region other than the absorption band of carbon dioxide. A radiation filter is positioned (230) relative to the gas measuring chamber such that an interaction radiation path is defined between the radiation source through the gas measuring chamber to the radiation filter. A first radiation detector is positioned (240) relative to the radiation filter such that a first detection radiation path is defined that is in addition to the interaction radiation path, and a second radiation detector is positioned relative to the radiation filter such that a second detection radiation path is defined that is in addition to the interaction radiation path. The radiation filter is configured such that radiation in the first detection radiation path has a wavelength that extends over the absorption band of carbon dioxide and with an intensity of radiation that extends over the region other than the absorption band being significantly less than that in the interaction radiation path. The radiation filter is also configured such that radiation in the second detection radiation path has a wavelength that extends over the region other than the absorption band of carbon dioxide and with an intensity of radiation that extends over the absorption band being significantly less than that in the interaction radiation path. a partial pressure of carbon dioxide is determined (250) in the skin of the patient using a signal from the first radiation detector and a signal from the second radiation detector.

An apparatus and method of use are provided; the apparatus having at least a degasser, a hollow core fiber HCF, an optical mechanism, a detector, and circuitry. The degasser enables gasses to permeate out of a liquid into the degasser interior. The propagator establishes a low-pressure area that helps to pull the gas from the degasser interior into the HCF interior, where the optical mechanism delivers electromagnetic radiation EMR that interacts with the gas. The detector determines EMR absorption, producing output signals which are sent to the circuitry. Circuitry controls the optical mechanism and analyzes the output signals to quantify the concentration of gas in the HCF and in the liquid.