Disclosed is a landscaped surface applicable to all types of vehicles, which includes a frame with a settling base that rests on a detachable supporting element or directly on the roof of the vehicle, inside which there are separator partitions and a root development base made of flexible and light hydrophilic material, with a reticular structure that retains a volume of water of between 10 and 30 times the weight thereof, expelling the excess via drainage openings arranged in the lower area of its vertical face of the frame. There is a layer of covering vegetation on the root development base and a mesh secured to a fastening flap in the high part of the frame.

My bus enhances the viewing experience of passengers by providing a panoramic front window to enable a passenger to see into a cab section of the bus and through the panoramic front window. The panoramic front window has a predetermined configuration that minimizes drag.

Disclosed are an apparatus and method for controlling articulation of an articulated vehicle. The apparatus includes a yaw rate calculator configured to calculate a desired yaw rate based on a steering angle and a speed of the articulated vehicle, a first moment generator configured to generate a yaw rate control moment based on the desired yaw rate and an actual yaw rate of the articulated vehicle, a second moment generator configured to generate a hitch damping control moment based on a hitch angular velocity of the articulated vehicle, an adder configured to output a final moment for controlling the articulation of the articulated vehicle by adding the yaw rate control moment and the hitch damping control moment, and an articulation controller configured to control the articulation of the articulated vehicle based on the final moment.

Provided is a vehicle lower-part structure including a pair of center side members arranged under a floor of a vehicle; a first cross member and a second cross member connecting the pair of center side members; a main battery arranged in an underfloor space; one or more support plates arranged at a corner of the underfloor space; and a water tank placed on the support plate, in which the support plate is connected to both the center side member and the first or second cross member and connects the two.

Systems and methods for dictating motion for bi-directional vehicles is provided. The method includes obtaining passenger and map data. The passenger data identifies an orientation of a passenger and the map data identifies route attributes for one or more route segments. The method includes determining one or more motion constraints for a bi-directional vehicle and map constraints for a routing the bi-directional vehicle based on the passenger data and the map data. The motion constraints can identify a vehicle orientation with which the bi-directional vehicle can travel. The map constraints can identify one or more route segments restricted from travel by the bi-directional vehicle. The method includes generating a constrained route based on the motion and map constraint(s). The constrained route can include permitted route segments and movements for the bi-directional vehicle. The method can include initiating the motion of the bi-directional vehicle based on the constrained route.

A low-floor electric bus includes a plurality of battery packs mounted under the floor of such that the floor inside the bus between a front axle and a rear axle of the bus is substantially flat. Each battery pack may include an enclosure and multiple battery modules positioned within the enclosure. And, each battery module may include a plurality of battery cells electrically connected together.

A low-floor electric bus includes a plurality of battery packs mounted under the floor of such that the floor inside the bus between a front axle and a rear axle of the bus is substantially flat. Each battery pack may include an enclosure and multiple battery modules positioned within the enclosure. And, each battery module may include a plurality of battery cells electrically connected together.

A bus structure, optionally an electric bus structure for one hundred passengers or more. The bus structure includes: a passenger compartment, a side wall with a vertical post and delimiting the passenger compartment, a horizontal support, a vertical handle—or stanchion—along the vertical post and projecting from the horizontal support, a strut projecting from the vertical post to the horizontal support, and a floor structure of reduced thickness. The strut defines a triangle with the wheel housing and the vertical post. The strut is straight or curved.

A bus structure, optionally an electric bus structure for one hundred passengers or more. The bus structure includes: a passenger compartment, a side wall with a vertical post and delimiting the passenger compartment, a horizontal support, a vertical handle—or stanchion—along the vertical post and projecting from the horizontal support, a strut projecting from the vertical post to the horizontal support, and a floor structure of reduced thickness. The strut defines a triangle with the wheel housing and the vertical post. The strut is straight or curved.

On both sides under a floor of an electric vehicle, side members are provided, each in a closed cross sectional shape. Collars and the like are provided in the side members. On a lower side of a lower wall of each of the side members, cross members which are fixed by using the collars or the like are provided. Between the side members on both sides, a main battery is provided and supported by the cross members. In the vicinity of a lower side of a doorway of the electric vehicle, a cutout part is formed such that a height of a portion of an upper wall of the side member is relatively lowered. On an upper surface of the cutout part, a reinforcing member is provided. A ramp passes through a space on an upper side of the cutout part.