A system for determining a gaze point of a user, the system comprising at least one sensor configured to determine at least one signal representative of a variation in a volume of the interior of a user's ear, and a processor configured to determine a direction of eye movement of the user based on the determined signal, and determine a gaze point of the user based on the direction of eye movement. Further, the disclosure relates to a corresponding method.

In a robotic surgical system, a controller is configured or programmed to change at least one of a level of an operation start assisting force, a level of an in-operation assisting force, or a level of a braking force based on a level change operation of an operator received by a level change receiver.

Multi-functional foot controller with treadle for controlling a first function and as an integrated shroud for a switch that controls an additional function.

Disclosed embodiments include apparatuses, systems, and methods for positioning electrodes within a body. In an illustrative embodiment, an apparatus for slidably moving multiple features relative to a sheath insertable into a body and positionable relative to a reference point includes a primary actuator configured to move a primary electrode to a first position. A secondary actuator is configured to move a secondary electrode to a second position. A shrouding device is configured to selectively prevent access to the secondary actuator until the primary actuator has been manipulated to extend the primary electrode to the first position.

A console for a medical treatment system includes a console housing and a control unit for controlling a medical treatment instrument. A foot-operated control unit wirelessly coupled to the control unit, and the console housing has at least one side wall, which has a bearing surface for arranging the foot-operated control unit in a not-in-use position. The bearing surface is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, at least in the region where the foot-operated control unit is arranged, in order when arranging the foot-operated control unit on the bearing surface to bring about bearing of the foot-operated control unit against the bearing surface by the weight of the foot-operated control unit. The side wall has in the region of the bearing surface a console-side connecting unit for releasably connecting the foot-operated control unit to the console. Further, a corresponding foot-operated control unit and a medical treatment system are provided.

The present disclosure relates generally to a surgical system. The surgical system comprises one or more surgical instrument assemblies and a surgical navigation system. The surgical instrument assemblies comprises a tracking device capable of being tracked by the surgical navigation system. The surgical system is also configured to allow the user to define one or more alert zones relative to anatomical structures of the patient and/or a surgical pathway. The surgical system further comprises an alert device in communication with the surgical navigation system, such that the alert device is configured to provide a user-perceptible alert to the surgeon or medical professional based on the position of the surgical instrument, as determined by the surgical navigation system, relative to the defined alert zones and/or surgical pathway.

An improved flexible endoscopic instrument to precisely and efficiently obtains samples of flat polyps and multiple polyps from a patient by debriding one or more polyps and retrieving the debrided polyps without having to alternate between using a separate cutting tool and a separate sample retrieving tool and may be used with an endoscope. In one aspect, the cutting tool is coupled to a flexible torque coil or torque rope that is configured to transfer rotational energy from a powered actuator through the length of the endoscope onto the cutting tool.

A surgical system according to one or more embodiments may include: manipulators respectively supporting an endoscope and first and second surgical instruments; a remote control apparatus including a display device, a first operation handle for right hand to operate the first surgical instrument, and a second operation handle for left hand to operate the second surgical instrument; and a control apparatus. The control apparatus may display, on the display device, a graphical user interface, overlapped with the image captured by the endoscope, the graphical user interface including a first area that displays information on the first surgical instrument to be operated by the first operation handle, a second area that displays information on the second surgical instrument to be operated by the second operation handle, and a third area that displays information on the endoscope, which are arranged side by side in order from right to left.

A cranial surgery planning system including at least one network interface connectable to obtain radiological patient images generated by a radiological image scanner, a display device, at least one processor, and at least one memory storing program code that is executed by the at least one processor. The operations include obtaining through the at least one network interface a first radiological patient image of cranial structure of a patient along a first plane and obtain a second radiological patient image of the cranial structure of the patient along a second plane that is angularly offset to the first plane. Operations also include merging the first and second radiological patient images to an image coordinate system. Operations also include obtaining a surgical trajectory plan defining an entry point on the patient's skull and a target point in the patient's brain captured in the merged first and second radiological patient images.

A surgical robotic system has a robotic grasper, a user interface device (UID), and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the UID and the robotic grasper. The system detects a directive to engage or re-engage a teleoperation mode, determines that the system is in a non-teleoperation mode, receives a sequence of user actions through the UID, determines the UID matches a jaw angle or a grip force of the robotic grasper, and transitions into teleoperation mode. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.