In one embodiment, an access instrument for creating a surgical working portal includes a body having a first end and a body length, a first slot having a first slot length running along the length of the body from the first end, and a second slot having a second slot length running along the length of the body from the first end, wherein the first slot length and the second slot length are less than the body length.

A tongue maneuvering apparatus has a body, a first attachment site, and a second attachment site. The body includes a bulb, a tongue receiving portion, a tongue aperture, and a slot. The body may be a thin, pliable plastic, such as silicone, so as to create proper suction with the tongue when inserted into the tongue receiving portion. A healthcare provider is able to extend and manipulate a patient's tongue so as to clearly view the mouth and throat without activating the gag reflex and maintaining control of the tongue by the provider.

The systems and methods provided herein are directed to a surgical retractor which is optimized for production by additive manufacturing systems in situations where external medical supplies are interrupted or unavailable.

The systems and methods provided herein are directed to a surgical retractor which is optimized for production by additive manufacturing systems in situations where external medical supplies are interrupted or unavailable.

A camera device having a handpiece; a shaft having a proximal end coupled to the handpiece; and a distal end; and a probe coupled to the distal end of the shaft, the probe having a proximal portion extending from the distal end of the shaft along a longitudinal axis, and a distal portion extending at an angle of between about 70 degrees and about 110 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis, the distal portion having an image sensor assembly.

Described herein are devices and methods for applying a tension force to various tissues. The devices may be delivered in minimally invasive fashion and used to manipulate tissues in the nose, ear, and throat. Force may be maintained by the devices for a time period that allows shaping, compression, or approximation of tissues.

A gap gauge is disclosed for facilitating an arthroplasty procedure on a first bone and a second bone of a patient. The gap gauge may include a first plate positionable in contact with the first bone, a second plate positionable in contact with the second bone. The second plate may be displaced from the first plate by a displacement. The gap gauge may further include a separator connected to the first plate and the second plate, a separation indicator coupled to the separator and configured to indicate the displacement, and a balance indicator connected to at least one of the first plate and the second plate. The balance indicator may indicate a balance status between the first plate and the second plate. The separator can be actuated to adjust the displacement.

The present invention provides a compression and distraction shaft assembly used to apply compression and distraction to bones including vertebrae. Shaft A assembly and shaft B assembly are attached together via a polyaxial fulcrum. The polyaxial fulcrum allows all rotational degrees of freedom between shaft A assembly and shaft B assembly. Such fulcrum, during compression and distraction, does not impart ancillary stresses or motion to vertebrae. An hourglass-shaped bore for engaging pliers is formed in approximately middle of both the shaft A assembly and the shaft B assembly. Distraction pliers having cylindrical tips are used to apply distraction to vertebrae. Once handles are pressed to impart an appropriate amount of distraction to the vertebrae, they are locked in this position. Compression pliers having cylindrical tips are used to apply compression to vertebrae. Once handles are pressed to impart an appropriate amount of compression to the vertebrae, they are locked in this position.

Provided herein are expandable devices, rail systems, and motorized devices. In one embodiment, an expandable device comprises an expandable sac having a tool housed therein. The expandable device is optionally configured for operation while inside a body cavity. The expandable device optionally comprises at least one rail in the sac, and at least one railed device coupled to the rail for movement there on. Movement of the railed device on the rail is provided by, for example, a motor such as an electromagnetic motor or an inch-worm type motor. Expandable devices can be used, for example, to perform minimally invasive medical procedures requiring access to a body cavity. Expandable devices can also be used, for example, to provide safe and stable transport of instruments to the body cavity.

A method includes tracking one or more of a plurality of vertebrae of a patient, planning a planned alignment of the plurality of vertebrae, creating an implant placement plan based on the planned alignment, and robotically preparing the plurality of vertebrae to receive an implant in accordance with the implant placement plan.